Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-19T02:03:51.168Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Carbon nanotube transparent conducting films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2011

Chunming Niu*
Affiliation:
Unidym, Inc., 1244 Reamwood, Sunnyvale, CA 92089, USA; chunmingniu@gmail.com
Get access

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are high aspect ratio conducting nanocylinders possessing unprecedented mechanical, thermal, optical, and electronic properties. They are ideal building blocks for use in assembling a randomly oriented, highly connected nanoporous network. When this network is deposited on top of a substrate surface as a thin film with a thickness in the range of 10–100 nm, it becomes a transparent conducting film—an ubiquitous material, currently dominated by tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). This article reviews recent progress in CNT transparent conducting films and discusses fundamental properties of CNTs important for the formation of these films, methods for CNT dispersion and assembling CNTs into transparent conducting films, properties of the CNT transparent conducting films, and issues remaining to be solved in order to make these films a commercially viable alternative to ITO.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Hecht, D., Hu, L.-B., Irvin, G., Adv. Mater. 78, 1 (2011).Google Scholar
2.Hu, L.-B., Hecht, D., Gruner, G., Chem. Rev. 110, 5790 (2010).Google Scholar
3.Roth, S., Park, H.J., Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 2477 (2010).Google Scholar
4.Granqvist, C.G., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 1529 (2007).Google Scholar
5.Shibuta, D., U.S. Patent 5,853,877 (1998).Google Scholar
6.Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Eklund, P.C., Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1996).Google Scholar
7.Wilder, J.W.G., Venema, L.C., Rinzler, A.G., Smalley, R.E., Dekker, C., Nature 391 (6662), 59 (1998).Google Scholar
8.Thess, A., Lee, R., Nikolaev, P., Dai, H.J., Petit, P., Robert, J., Xu, C.H., Lee, Y.H., Kim, S.G., Rinzler, A.G., Colbert, D.T., Scuseria, G.E., Tomanek, D., Fischer, J.E., Smalley, R.E., Science 273, 483 (1996).Google Scholar
9.Coleman, J.N., Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 3680 (2009).Google Scholar
10.Israelachvili, J., Intermolecular and Surface Forces (Academic Press, London, UK, 1991).Google Scholar
11.Yoshida, H., Sugai, T., Shinohara, H., J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 19908 (2008).Google Scholar
12.Niu, C.-M., “Carbon nanotube network transparent electrode for organic solar cells,” 3rd workshop on Sustainable Energy Future: Focus on Organic Photovoltaics, ORNL, 2010.Google Scholar
13.Iijima, S., Ichihashi, T., Nature 363, 603 (1993).Google Scholar
14.Bethune, D.S., Kiang, C.H., Sde Vries, M., Gorman, G., Savoy, R., Vazquez, J., Bayers, R., Nature 363, 605 (1993).Google Scholar
15.Guo, T., Nikolaev, P., Thess, A., Colbert, D.T., Smalley, R.E., Chem. Phys. Lett. 243, 491 (1995).Google Scholar
16.Nikolaev, P., Bronikowski, M.J., Bradley, R.K., Rohmund, F., Colbert, D.T., Smith, K.A., Smalley, R.E., Chem. Phys. Lett. 313, 91 (1999).Google Scholar
17.Howard, J.B., McKinnon, J.T., Makarovsky, Y., LaFleur, A.L., Johnson, M.E., Nature 352, 139 (1991).Google Scholar
18.Hafner, J.H., Bronikowski, M.J., Azamian, B.R., Nikolaev, P., Rinzler, A.G., Colbert, D.T., Smith, K.A., Smalley, R.E., Chem. Phys. Lett. 296, 195 (1998).Google Scholar
19.Qi, H., Qian, C., Liu, J., J. Chem. Mater. 18, 5691 (2006).Google Scholar
20.Zolyomi, V., Rusznyak, A., Kurti, J., Gali, A., Simon, F., Kuzmany, K., Szabados, A., Surjan, P.R., Phys. Status Solidi B 243, 3476 (2006).Google Scholar
21.Zhang, M., Fang, S.-L., Zakhidov, A.A., Lee, S.B., Aliev, A.E., Williams, C.D., Atkinson, K.R., Baughman, R.H., Science 309, 1215 (309).Google Scholar
22.Feng, C., Liu, K., Wu, J.-S., Liu, L., Cheng, J.-S., Zhang, Y.-Y., Sun, Y.-H., Li, Q.-Q., Fan, S.-S., Jiang, K.-L., Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 885 (2010).Google Scholar
23.Jiang, K.L., Li, Q.-Q., Fan, S.-S., Nature 419, 801 (2002).Google Scholar
24.Niu, C.-M., Sichel, E.K., Hoch, R., Moy, D., Tennent, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1480 (1997).Google Scholar
25.Fu, K.-F., Sun, Y.-P., J. Nanosci. Technol. 3 (5), 351 (2003).Google Scholar
26.Ham, H.T., Choi, Y.S., Chung, I.J., J. Colloid Sci. 286, 216 (2005).Google Scholar
27.Liu, J., Casavant, M.J., Cox, M., Walters, D.A., Boul, P., Lu, W., Rimberg, A.J., Smith, K.A., Colbert, D.T., Smalley, R.E., Chem. Phys. Lett. 303, 125 (1999).Google Scholar
28.Ausman, K.D., Piner, R., Lourie, O., Ruoff, R.S., Korobov, M., J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 8911 (2000).Google Scholar
29.Bahr, J.L., Mickelson, E.T., Bronikowski, M.J., Smalley, R.E., Tour, J.M., Chem. Commun. 193 (2001).Google Scholar
30.Landi, B.J., Ruf, J.H., Worman, J.J., Raffaelle, R.P., J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 17089 (2004).Google Scholar
31.Bergin, S.D., Sun, Z.-Y., Streich, P., Hamilton, J., Colman, J.N., J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 231 (2010).Google Scholar
32.Moore, V.C., Strano, M.S., Haroz, E.H., Hauge, R.H., Smalley, R.E., Schmidt, J., Talmon, Y., Nano Lett. 3, 1379 (2003).Google Scholar
33.Matarredona, O., Rhoads, H., Li, Z.R., Harwell, J.H., Balzano, L., Resasco, D.E., J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 13357 (2203).Google Scholar
34.Tan, Y.-Q., Resasco, D.E., J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 14454 (2005).Google Scholar
35.Wu, Z.-C., Chen, Z.-H., Du, X., Logan, J.L., Sippel, J., Nikolou, M., Kamaras, K., Renolds, J.R., Tanner, D.B., Hebard, A.F., Rinzler, A.G., Science 305, 1273 (2004).Google Scholar
36.Hu, L.-B., Hecht, D.S., Grüner, G., Nano Lett. 4, 2513 (2004).Google Scholar
37.Meitl, M., Zhou, Y., Gaur, A., Jeon, S., Usrey, M., Strano, M., Rogers, J., Nano Lett. 4, 1643 (2004).Google Scholar
38.Jo, J.W., Jung, J.W., Lee, J.U., Jo, W.H., ACS Nano 4, 5382 (2010).Google Scholar
39.Pei, S.-F., Du, J.-H., Zheng, Y., Liu, C., Cheng, H.-M., Nanotechnology 20, 235707 (2009).Google Scholar
40.Spotnitz, M.E., Ryan, D., Stone, H.A., Mater. Chem. 14, 1299 (2004).Google Scholar
41.Sreekumar, T.V., Liu, T., Kumar, S., Ericson, L.M., Hauge, R.H., Smalley, R.E., Chem. Mater. 15, 175 (2003).Google Scholar
42.Haempgen, M., Duesberg, G.S., Roth, S., Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 425 (2005).Google Scholar
43.Dan, B., Irvin, G.C., Pasquali, M., ACS Nano 4, 853 (2009).Google Scholar
44.Hu, L.-B., Hecht, D.S., Gruner, G., Nano Lett. 4, 2513 (2004).Google Scholar
45.Zhou, Y.-X., Hu, L.-B., Gruner, G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 123109 (2006).Google Scholar
46.Buzicka, B., Degiorgi, L., Gaal, R., Thien-Nga, L., Bacsa, R., Salvetat, J.P., Forro, L., Phys. Rev. B 61, 2468 (2000).Google Scholar
47.Hecht, D.S., Heintz, A.M., Lee, R., Hu, L.-B., Moore, B., Cucksey, C., Risser, S., Nanotechnology 21, 155202 (2010).Google Scholar
48.Kaempgen, M., Duesberg, G.S., Roth, S., Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 425 (2005).Google Scholar
49.Green, A.A., Hersam, M.C., Nano Lett. 8, 1417 (2008).Google Scholar
50.Parekh, B.B., Fanchini, G., Eda, G., Chhowalla, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 121913 (2007).Google Scholar
51.Yu, X., Rajamani, R., Stelson, K.A., Cui, T., Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 2002 (2007).Google Scholar
52.Rowley, L.A., Spath, T.M., Irvin, G.C., Am. Chem. Soc. 232, 130 (2006).Google Scholar
53.Geng, H.Z., Kim, K.K., So, K.P., Lee, Y.S., Chang, Y., Lee, Y.H., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 7758 (2007).Google Scholar
54.Jackson, R., Domercq, B., Jain, R., Kippelen, B., Graham, S., Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 2548 (2008).Google Scholar
55.Kim, S.M., Jo, Y.W., Kim, K.K., Duong, D.L., Shin, H.-J., Han, J.H., Choi, J.-Y., Kong, J., Lee, Y.H., ACS Nano 4, 6998 (2010).Google Scholar
56.Hecht, D., Hu, L.-B., Gruner, G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 133112 (2006).Google Scholar
57.Hu, L.-B., Hecht, D.S., Gruner, G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 081103 (2009).Google Scholar
58.Sierros, K.A., Hecht, D.S., Banerjee, D.A., Morris, N.J., Hu, L., Irvin, G.C., Lee, R.S., Cairns, D.R., Thin Solid Films 518, 6977 (2010).Google Scholar
59.Hecht, D., Thomas, D., Ladous, C., Lam, T., Park, Y.-B., Irvin, G., Drzaic, P., J. SID 17, 943 (2009).Google Scholar
60.Schindler, A., Schau, P., Fruehauf, N., J. SID 17, 863 (2009).Google Scholar
61.Contreras, M., Barnes, T., van de Lagemaat, J., Rumbles, G., Coutts, T.J., Weeks, C., Glatkowski, P., Peltola, J., 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on PV Energy Conversion (WCPEC-4), Waikoloa, HI, 1–12 May 2006.Google Scholar
62.Aquirre, C.M., Auvray, S., Pigeon, S., Izquierdo, R., Desjardins, P., Martel, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 183104 (2006).Google Scholar
63.Ou, E., Hu, L.-B., Raymond, G., Soo, O., Pan, J., Zheng, Z., Park, Y., Hecht, D.S., ACS Nano 3 (8), 2258 (2009).Google Scholar
64.Barnes, T.M., Bergeson, J.D., Tenent, R.C., Larson, B.A., Teeter, G., Jones, K.M., Blackburn, J.L., van de Lagemaat, J., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 243309 (2010).Google Scholar