Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T02:30:38.526Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kinetics of high-pressure mineral phase transformations using in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction in the Paris-Edinburgh cell: a practical guide for data acquisition and treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

J. P. Perrillat
J. P. Perrillat*
Affiliation:
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France
*
*E-mail: perrilla@esrf.fr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful technique to study in situ and in real-time the structural and kinetic processes of pressure-induced phase transformations. This paper presents the experimental set-up developed at beamline ID27 of the ESRF to perform time-resolved angle dispersive XRD in the Paris-Edinburgh cell. It provides a practical guide for the acquisition of isobaric-isothermal kinetic data and the construction of transformation-time plots. The interpretation of experimental data in terms of reaction mechanisms and transformation rates is supported by an overview of the kinetic theory of solid-solid transformations, with each step of data processing illustrated by experimental results of relevance to the geosciences. Reaction kinetics may be affected by several factors such as the sample microstructure, impurities or differential stress. Further high-pressure kinetic studies should investigate the influence of such processes, in order to acquire kinetic information more akin to natural or technological processes.

Keywords

kineticshigh-pressurehigh-temperaturesynchrotrontime-resolved X-ray diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 72 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 683 - 695
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Avrami, M. (1939) Kinetics of phase change — General theory. Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 7, 1103–1112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avrami, M. (1940) Kinetics of phase change — Transformation-time relation for random distribution of nuclei. Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 8, 212–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avrami, M. (1941) Kinetics of phase change — Granulation, phase change and microstructure. Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 9, 177–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besson, J.M., Nelmes, RJ. and Hamel, G. (1992) Neutron powder diffraction above 10 GPa. Physica B, Condensed Matter, 180—181, 907–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brearley, A.J., Rubie, D.C. and Ito, E. (1992) Mechanisms of the transformations between the alpha, beta and gamma polymorphs of Mg2SiO4 at 15 GPa. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 18, 343–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridgman, P.W. (1916) Polymorphism at high pressures. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 52, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnley, P.C. and Green, H.W. (1989) Stress dependence of the mechanism of the olivine-spinel transformation. Nature, 338, 753–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bundy, F.P., Hall, H.T., Strong, H.M. and Wentorf, R.H. (1955) Man-made diamond. Nature, 176, 51 — 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahn, J.W. (1956) The kinetics of grain boundary nucleated reactions. Ada Metallica, 4, 449–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, W.D. and Rosenfeld, J.L. (1981) Optical determination of topotaetie aragonite-calcite growth kinetics: Metamorphic implications. Journal of Geology, 89, 615–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chinnery, N.J., Pawley, A.R. and Clark, S.M. (1999) In situ observation of the formation of 10 A phase from talc + H2O at mantle pressures and temperatures. Science, 286, 940–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, I, Kikegawa, T., Shimomura, O. and Iwasaki, H. (1997) Application of an imaging plate to the large-volume press Max80 at the Photon Factory. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 4, 21–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christian, J.W. (1975) Transformations in Metals and Alloys. Pergamon, New York.Google Scholar
Crichton, W.A. and Mezouar, M. (2002) Noninvasive pressure and temperature estimation in large-volume apparatus by equation-of-state cross-calibration. High Temperatures — High Pressures, 34, 235–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dassler, R. (1990) Kinetics of pressure-induced nuclea-tion and growth processes in a diamond anvil cell. High Temperatures — High Pressures, 22, 599–612.Google Scholar
de Ronde, A.A. and Stunitz, H. (2007) Deformation-enhanced reaction in experimentally deformed plagioclase-olivine aggregates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153, 699–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erofe'ev, B.V. (1946) Generalized equations of chemical kinetics and its applications in reactions involving solids. Bulletin of the Academy of Science of USSR, 52, 511–514.Google Scholar
Hacker, B.R., Kirby, S.H. and Bohlen, S.R. (1992) Time and metamorphic petrology: calcite to aragonite experiments. Science, 258, 110–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hacker, B.R., Rubie, D.C., Kirby, S.H. and Bohlen, S.R. (2005) The calcite—aragonite transformation in low-Mg marble: Equilibrium relations, transformation mechanisms and rates. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B03205, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammersley, A.P., Svensson, S.O., Hanfland, M., Fitch, A.N. and Hausermann, D. (1996) Two-dimensional detector software: from real detector to idealised image or two-theta scan. High Pressure Research, 14, 235–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosoya, T., Kubo, T., Ohtani, E., Sano, A. and Funakoshi, K. (2005) Water controls the fields of metastable olivine in cold subducting slabs. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L17305, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, L.W. (2003) Synthetic polycrystalline aragonite to calcite transformation kinetics: experiments at pressures close to the equilibrium boundary. Mineralogy and Petrology, 79, 243–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, W.A. and Mehl, R.F. (1939) Reaction kinetics in processes of nucleation and growth. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, 135, 416–458.Google Scholar
Klotz, S., Hamel, G. and Frelat, J. (2004) A new type of compact large-capacity press for neutron and X-ray scattering. High Pressure Research, 24, 219–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubo, T., Ohtani, E. and Fujino, K. (1998) Effects of water on the a-a transformation kinetics in San Carlos olivine. Science, 281, 85–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubo, T., Ohtani, E. and Funakoshi, K. (2004) Nucleation and growth kinetics of the a-a transformation in Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 89, 285–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolmogorov, A.N. (1937) A statistical theory for the recrystallization of metals. Bulletin of the Academy of Science of USSR, 1, 355–359.Google Scholar
Larson, A.C. and von Dreele, R.B. (1994) General structure analysis system. Los Alamos Manual Report, 86, 748.Google Scholar
Lasaga, A.C. (1998) Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences. Princeton series in geochemistry, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Le Godec, Y. (1999) Etude du nitrure de bore sous hautes pression et temperature. PhD thesis, Paris VII University.Google Scholar
Li, X. and Mao, H.K. (1994) Solid carbon at high pressure: Electrical resistivity and phase transformation. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 21, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, M. and Yund, R.A. (1993) Transformation kinetics of polycrystalline aragonite to calcite: new experimental data, modeling, and implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 114, 465–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, M., Kerschhofer, L., Mosenfelder, J. and Rubie, D.C. (1998) The effect of strain energy on growth rates during the olivine-spinel transformation and implications for olivine metastability in subducting slabs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 23897–23909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, F., Sommer, F., Bos, C. and Mittemeijer, E.J. (2007) Analysis of solid state phase transformation kinetics: models and recipes. International Materials Reviews, 52, 193–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKelvy, M.J., Sharma, R., Chizmeshya, A.V.G., Carpenter, R.W. and Streib, K. (2001) Magnesium hydroxide dehydroxylation: In situ nanoscale observations of lamellar nucleation and growth. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 921–926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezouar, M. (1997) Etude du diagramme de phase de I'antimoniure d'indium InSb sous hautes pression et temperature. PhD thesis, Paris VII University.Google Scholar
Mezouar, M., Le Bihan, T., Libotte, H., Le Godec, Y. and Hausermann, D. (1999) Paris-Edinburgh large-volume cell coupled with a fast imaging-plate system for structural investigation at high pressure and high temperature. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 6, 1115–1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezouar, M., Faure, P., Crichton, W.A., Rambert, N., Sitaud, B., Bauchau, S. and Blattmann, G. (2002) Multichannel collimator for structural investigation of liquids and amorphous materials at high pressures and temperatures. Review of Scientific Instruments, 73, 3570–3574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezouar, M., Crichton, W.A., Bauchau, S., Thurel, F., Witsch, H., Torrecillas, F., Blattmann, G., Marion, P., Dabin, Y., Chavanne, J., Hignette, O., Morawe, C. and Borel, C. (2005) Development of a new state-of-the-art beamline optimized for monochromatic single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction under extreme conditions at the ESRF. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 12, 659–664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morard, G., Mezouar, M., Rey, N., Poloni, R., Merlen, A., Le Floch, S., Toulemonde, P., Pascarelli, S., San Miguel, A., Sanloup, C. and Fiquet, G. (2007) Optimization of Paris-Edinburgh press cell assem blies for in situ monochromatic X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption. High Pressure Research, 27, 223–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosenfelder, J.L. and Bohlen, S.R. (1997) Kinetics of the coesite to quartz transformation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 153, 133–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosenfelder, J.L., Connolly, J.A.D., Rubie, D.C. and Liu, M. (2000) Strength of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 wadsleyite determined by relaxation of transformation stress. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 120, 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrillat, J.P., Daniel, I., Lardeaux, J.M. and Cardon, H. (2003) Kinetics of the coesite-quartz transformation: Application to the exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure rocks. Journal of Petrology, 44, 773–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrillat, J.P., Daniel, I., Koga, K.T., Reynard, B., Cardon, H. and Crichton, W.A. (2005) Kinetics of antigorite dehydration: A real time X-ray diffraction study. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236, 899–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, D.A. and Easterling, K.E. (1981) Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys. Van No strand Reinhold, New York.Google Scholar
Rietveld, H.M. (1969) A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubie, D.C. and Thompson, A.B. (1985) Kinetics of metamorphie reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures: an appraisal of experimental data. In: Metamorphie Reactions: Kinetics, Textures, and Deformation (Thompson, A.B. and Rubie, D.C., editors). Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Rubie, D.C, Tsuchida, Y., Yagi, T., Utsumi, W., Kikegawa, T., Shimomura, O. and Brearley, A.J. (1990) An in situ X-ray diffraction study of the kinetics of the Ni2SiO4 olivine-spinel transformation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 15829–15844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, M.W. and Ulmer, P. (2004) A rocking multi-anvil: elimination of chemical segregation in fluid saturated high pressure experiments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ada, 68, 1889–1899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, T.G. and Rubie, D.C. (1995) Catalysis of the olivine to spinel transformation by high clinoen-statite. Science, 269, 1095–1098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shim, S.H., Duffy, T.S. and Kenichi, T. (2002) Equation of state of gold and its application to the phase boundaries near the 660 km depth in Earth's mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 203, 729–739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimomura, O. (1986) Current activity of the Max80 at the photon factory. Physica B, 139—140, 292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, A.K. and Kennedy, G.C. (1974) Uniaxial stress component in tungsten carbide anvil high-pressure X-ray cameras. Journal of Applied Physics, 45, 4686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skelton, E.F., Quadri, S.B., Webb, A.W., Lee, C.W. and Kirkland, IP. (1983) Improved system for energy dispersive X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation. Review of Scientific Instruments, 54, 403–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, E. and Yund, R.A. (1987) The effect of ductile deformation on the kinetics and mechanisms of the aragonite-calcite transformation. Journal of Metamorphie Geology, 5, 141 — 153.Google Scholar
Sung, CM. (1979) Kinetics of the olivine-spinel transformation under high pressure and temperature: Experimental results and geophysical implications. Pp. 31–42 in: High Pressure Science and Technology (Timmerhaus, K.D. and Barber, M.S., editors). Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Sung, J. (2000) Graphite — diamond transformation under high pressure: A kinetics approach. Journal of Materials Science, 35, 6041–6054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ter Heege, J.H. and Renner, J. (2007) In situ impedance spectroscopy on pyrophyllite and CaCO3 at high pressure and temperature: phase transformations and kinetics of atomistic transport. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 34, 445–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsiok, O.B., Bredikhin, V.V., Sidorov, V.A. and Khvostantsev, L.G. (1992) Measurements of compressibility of solids and powder compacts by a strain gauge technique at hydrostatic pressure up to 9 GPa. High Pressure Research, 10, 523–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnbull, D. (1956) Phase changes. Solid State Physics, 3, 225–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnbull, D. and Cohen, M.H. (1960) Crystallization kinetics and glass formation. In: Modern Aspects of the Vitreous State (MacKenzie, S.D., editor). Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Uchida, T., Nishiyama, N., von Dreele, R., Nozawa, A., Funakoshi, K. and Kaneko, H. (2005) High-pressure angle-dispersive powder diffraction using an energy-dispersive setup and white synchrotron radiation. Pp. 339–352 in: Advances in High-Pressure Technology for Geophysical Application (Chen, J., Wang, Y., Duffy, T., Shen, G. and Dobrzhinetskaya, L., editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wentorf, R.H. (1961) Synthesis of the cubic form of boron nitride. Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 34, 809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar