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The effect of heating on the morphology of crystalline neodymium hydroxycarbonate, NdCO3OH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

Beatriz Vallina ,
Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco ,
Jesus A. Blanco  and
Liane G. Benning
Beatriz Vallina*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Juan Diego Rodriguez-Blanco
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen H.C Oersted Institute, C Bygn, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Jesus A. Blanco
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, E-33007, Spain
Liane G. Benning*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholz Centre Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
*
* E-mail: B.Vallina-Antuna@leeds.ac.uk
* E-mail: l.g.benning@leeds.ac.uk
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Abstract

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The crystallization of hexagonal NdCO3OH through hydrothermal synthesis carried out at slow (reaching the desired temperature within 100 min) and quick (50 min) rates of heating but at variable temperatures (165–220ºC) are reported here. The formation of NdCO3OH occurs via the crystallization of an amorphous precursor. Both the precursor and the crystalline NdCO3OH were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. The mechanism of crystallization is very dependent on the experimental conditions (rate of heating and temperature treatment). With increasing temperature, the habit of NdCO3OH crystals changes progressively to more complex spherulitic or dendritic morphologies. The development of these crystal morphologies is suggested here to be controlled by the level at which supersaturation was reached in the aqueous solution during the breakdown of the amorphous precursor. At the highest temperature (220ºC) and during rapid heating (50 min) the amorphous precursor breaks down rapidly and the fast supersaturation promotes spherulitic growth. At the lowest temperature (165ºC) and slow heating (100 min), however, the supersaturation levels are approached more slowly than required for spherulitic growth, and thus more regular, previously unseen, triangular pyramidal shapes form.

Keywords

rare earthsneodymiumcarbonatecrystallizationspherulitic growthhydroxylbastnäsite
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 78 , Issue 6 , November 2014 , pp. 1391 - 1397
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
© [2014] The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2014

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