Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T08:22:07.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Diffusion in diamond. I. Carbon isotope mapping of natural diamond

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

J. A. Craven ,
B. Harte ,
D. Fisher  and
D. J. Schulze
J. A. Craven
Affiliation:
Grant Institute of Earth Science, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK
B. Harte*
Affiliation:
Grant Institute of Earth Science, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK
D. Fisher
Affiliation:
DTC Research Centre, Belmont Road, Maidenhead SL6 6JW., UK
D. J. Schulze
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
*
* E-mail: b.harte@ed.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recent advances in ion microprobe instrumentation and techniques have enabled the mapping of C isotope ratios across the whole of a polished plate of a natural diamond from Guaniamo, Venezuela. The resultant map of C isotope variation closely matches the cathodoluminescence image of the growth structure of the diamond and, therefore, indicates an extremely limited scale of diffusion of C atoms sincethetimeof diamond formation. This result is compatible with thelimite d mobility of N atoms shown by theIaAB aggregation stateof thediamond. Inclusions in thediamond aree clogitic, in common with many Guaniamo diamonds with temperatures of formation of around 1200ºC. At such temperature the IaAB aggregation state indicates a mantle residence time on the order of 1 Ga. Such temperatures of formation and mantle residence times are common to many natural diamonds; thus the extremely limited diffusion of C isotopes shown by the mapping indicates that many diamonds will retain the C isotope compositions of their initial formation.

Keywords

diffusiondiamondion microprobeC isotope mapping.
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 73 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 193 - 200
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boyd, S.R., Kiflawi, I. and Woods, G.S. (1995) Infra-red absorption by the B nitrogen aggregate in diamond. Philosophical Magazine, B72, 351–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chrenko, R.M., Tuft, R.E. and Strong, H.M. (1977) Transformation of the state of nitrogen in diamond. Nature, 270, 141–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crank, J. (1975) The Mathematics o f Diffusion. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Deines, P. (1980) The carbon isotopic composition of diamonds: relationship to diamond shape, color, occurrence and vapor compositon. Geochimica et Cosmochiica Acta, 44, 943–961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, T. (1992) Aggregation of nitrogen in diamond. Pp. 259-290 in: The Properties o f Natural and Synthetic Diamond (J.E. Field, editor). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Fitzsimons, I.C., Harte, B., Chinn, I.J., Gurney, J.J. and Taylor, W.R. (1999) Extreme chemical variation in complex diamonds from George Creek, Colorado: a SIMS study of carbon isotope composition and nitrogen abundance. Mineralogical Magazine, 63, 857-878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzsimons, I.C., Harte, B. and Clarke, R.M. (2000) SIMS stable isotope measurement: counting statistics and analytical precision. Mineralogical Magazine, 64, 59–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galimov, E.M. (1991) Isotope fractionation related to kimberlite magmatism and diamond formation. Geochimica et Cosmochiica Acta, 55, 1697-1708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurney, J.J. (1989) Diamonds. Pp. 936-965 in: Kimberlites and Related Rocks, vol. 2. Special Publication 14, Geological Society of Australia.Google Scholar
Gurney, J.J., Helmstaedt, H.H., Le Roex, A.P., Nowicki, T.E., Richardson, S.H. and Westerlund, K.J. (2005) Diamonds: crustal distribution and formation processes in time and space and an integrated deposit model. Economic Geology, 100, 143-177.Google Scholar
Harris, J.W. (1987) Recent physical, chemical and isotopic research of diamond. Pp. 478-500 in: Mantle Xenoliths (P.H. Nixon, editor). John Wiley & Sons, London.Google Scholar
Harte, B., Fitzsimons, I.C., Harris, J.W. and Otter, M.L. (1999) Carbon isotope ratios and nitrogen abundances in relation to cathodoluminescence characteristics for some diamonds from the Kaapvaal province, S. Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 63, 829-856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harte, B., Taniguchi, T. and Chakrabotry, S. (2009) Diffusion in diamond. II. High-pressure-temperature experiments. Mineralogical Magazine, 73, 201–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauri, E.H., Wang, J., Pearson, D.G. and Bulanova, G.P. (2002) Micro-analysis of S13C, S15N, and N abundances in diamonds by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology, 185, 149–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaminsky, F.V., Zakharchenko, O.D., Griffin, W.L., Channer, D.M. de R. and Khachatryan-Blinova, G.K. (2000) Diamond from the Guaniamo area, Venezuela. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 1347-1370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkley, M.B., Gurney, J.J., Otter, M.L., Hill, S.J. and Daniel, L.R. (1991) The application of C isotope measurements to the identification of the sources of C in diamonds: a review. Applied. Geochemistry, 6, 477-494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwood, A. (1994) Nitrogen and nitrogen-vacancy complexes and their formation in diamond. Physical Review, B49, 7934-7940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narducci, D. and Cuomo, J.J. (1990) Boron diffusivity in nonimplanted diamond single crystals measured by impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Physics, 68, 1184-1186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, D.G., Shirey, S.B., Bulanova, G.P., Carlson, R.W. and Milledge, H.J. (1999) Re-Os isotope measurements of single sulphide inclusions in a Siberian diamond and its nitrogen aggregation systematics. Geochimica. et Cosmochimica. Acta, 63, 703–711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poferl, D.J., Gardner, N.C. and Angus, J.C. (1973) Growth of boron-doped diamond seed crystals by vapour deposition. Journal of Applied Physics, 44, 1428-1438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, S.H., Chinn, I. and Harris, J.W. (1999) Age and origin of eclogitic diamonds from the Jwaneng kimberlite. Pp. 709-713 in: Proceedings of the 7th International Kimberlite Conference. Red Roof Design, Cape Town.Google Scholar
Schulze, D.J., Harte, B., Valley, J.W., Brenans, J.M. and Channer, D.M.de R. (2003) Extreme crustal oxygen isotope signatures preserved in coesite in diamond. Nature, 423, 68-70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulze, D.J., Harte, B., Valley, J.W. and Channer, D.M.de R. (2004) Evidence of subduction and crust mantle mixing from a single diamond. Lithos, 77, 349-358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulze, D.J., Canil, D., Channer, D.M. de R. and Kaminsky, F.V. (2006) Layered mantle structure beneath the western Guyana Shield, Venezuela: evidence from diamonds and xenocrysts in Guaniamo kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 192-205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirey, S.B., Richardson, S.H. and Harris, J.W. (2004) Integrated models of diamond formation and craton evolution. Lithos, 77, 923- 944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, N.V., Yefimova, E.S., Channer, D.M. de R., Anderson, P.F. and Barron, K.M. (1998) Unusual upper mantle beneath Guaniamo, Guyana shield, Venezuela: evidence from diamond inclusions. Geology, 26, 971-974.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stachel, T. and Harris, J.W. (2008) The origin of cratonic diamonds - constraints from mineral inclusions. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 5–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoneham, A.M. (1992) Diamond: recent advances in theory. Pp. 3-34 in: The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond (J.E. Field, editor). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Taylor, W.R., Jaques, A.L. and Ridd, M. (1990) Nitrogen-defect aggregation characteristics of some Australian diamonds: time-temperature constraints on the source regions of pipe and alluvial diamonds. American Mineralogist, 75, 1290-1310.Google Scholar
Woods, G.S. (1986) Platelets and the infra-red absorption of type Ia diamonds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, 407, 219–238.Google Scholar
Zedgenizov, D.A., Harte, B., Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility (EIMF), Shatsky, V.S., Politov, A.A., Rylov, G.M. and Sobolev, N.V. (2006) Directional chemical variations in diamonds showing octahedral following cuboid growth. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 151, 45-57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar