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Morphology and Ontogeny of Statoliths in the Grooved Carpet Shell, Ruditapes decussatus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2018

Susana Galante-Oliveira Open the ORCID record for Susana Galante-Oliveira [Opens in a new window] ,
António Pereira ,
Tiago Baptista ,
Fernanda Guimarães ,
Jorge Soares ,
José Carlos Lopes ,
Jorge Machado  and
Carlos Barroso
Susana Galante-Oliveira*
Affiliation:
Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
António Pereira
Affiliation:
Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Tiago Baptista
Affiliation:
Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Fernanda Guimarães
Affiliation:
Unit of Science and Mineral Technology, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNEG), Rua da Amieira, Apart. 1089, 4466-901 S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal
Jorge Soares
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
José Carlos Lopes
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Jorge Machado
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Physiology, ICBAS, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
Carlos Barroso
Affiliation:
Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
*
*Author for correspondence: Susana Galante-Oliveira, E-mail: susana.oliveira@ua.pt
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Abstract

Statoliths are nonskeletal calcified structures included in most invertebrates’ gravireceptors. They have been identified and characterized in several gastropod and cephalopod molluscs and have proved to be very useful for age estimation, growth studies, and connectivity analysis, among other applications. Beyond the scarce available records on their occurrence in Class Bivalvia, statoliths are yet to be documented in the grooved carpet shell, Ruditapes decussatus, a species of high ecological and commercial value. An easy method for the extraction and processing of R. decussatus statoliths is described herein. The statolith growth was followed from the initial shell length (SL) of 2.5–3.5 mm (seed commercial size T1.5) for a period of 6 months in a nursery facility located in the Ria de Aveiro (an estuarine system in NW Portugal). The relationship between statolith diameter (StD) and SL follows the function StD=14.305 SL0.254 (N=173; r=0.855, p<0.001). All statoliths observed showed similar morphostructure and general chemistry: hard, translucent spheres of crystalline calcium oxalate (whewellite), with a central nucleus delimited by a growth check of 6.7±1.0 µm in diameter, possibly as a result of growth arrest during metamorphosis, a metamorphic ring, as described for their gastropod counterparts. Subsequent studies should validate this and will involve a search for the occurrence of additional checks that may potentially be present in older specimens and if they are, would open a new range of most promising applications for bivalve statoliths.

Keywords

European clambiogenic calcium oxalatestatolithgrowth checkmetamorphic ring
Type
Life Sciences
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 244 - 249
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2018 

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