Electron diffraction was observed in 1928 by Kikuchi. In electron diffraction, diagrams characteristic of the crystal lattice and the phase orientation are formed. Consequently, Venable, then Dingley recently developed electronic diffraction coupled with scanning electron microscopy. Their approach enables micrometric scale examination of a specimen obtained by simple metallographical preparation (polished surface). Since the 1980’s, this technique has benefited from strong technological and computerized development which have led to the sale of the first systems under the name of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Niobium is used in the cast industry of uranium to refine it (getter function). The strong affinity of niobium for carbon leads indeed to the formation of small precipitates of niobium carbides. Whereas carbon cannot be detected by EDS because of its high absorption by the niobium (absorption coefficient μ=29000), hardness measurement indicates the presence of carbides (HV30 = 2000), but without further information on the nature of those carbides.