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Correlation between Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms Development Stage and Quantitative Surface Roughness Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2008

Ricardo P. Santos ,
Theodora T.P. Arruda ,
Cibele B.M. Carvalho ,
Victor A. Carneiro ,
Lara Q.V. Braga ,
Edson H. Teixeira ,
Francisco V.S. Arruda ,
Benildo S. Cavada ,
Alexandre Havt  and
Taianá M. de Oliveira
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Ricardo P. Santos
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais (LCTM-UFC), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Theodora T.P. Arruda
Affiliation:
Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Cibele B.M. Carvalho
Affiliation:
Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Victor A. Carneiro
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas (Biomol-Lab), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Lara Q.V. Braga
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas (Biomol-Lab), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Edson H. Teixeira
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Medicina/Sobral, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Gerardo Rangel s/n, Campus do Derby, 62041-180 Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
Francisco V.S. Arruda
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Medicina/Sobral, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Gerardo Rangel s/n, Campus do Derby, 62041-180 Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
Benildo S. Cavada
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas (Biomol-Lab), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Alexandre Havt
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas (Biomol-Lab), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Taianá M. de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas (Biomol-Lab), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Gustavo A. Bezerra
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas (Biomol-Lab), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Valder N. Freire
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais (LCTM-UFC), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Abstract

Biofilms are assemblages of microorganisms and their associated extracellular products at an interface and typically with an abiotic or biotic surface. The study of the morphology of biofilms is important because they are associated with processes of biofouling, corrosion, catalysis, pollutant transformation, dental caries, drug resistance, and so forth. In the literature, biofilms have been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which has proven to be a potent tool to study different aspects of the biofilm development on solid surfaces. In this work, we used AFM to investigate topographical changes during the development process of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms, which were generated on sterile cellulose nitrate membrane (CNM) filters in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth agar blood plates after 24, 36, 72, 192, and 360 h. AFM height images showed topographical changes due to biofilm development, which were used to characterize several aspects of the bacterial surface, such as the presence of extracellular polymeric substance, and the biofilm development stage. Changes in the development stage of the biofilm were shown to correlate with changes in the surface roughness as quantified through the mean roughness.

Keywords

AFMbiofilmcellulose nitrate membraneEnterococcus faecalisEPSmean roughnesstopographical behavior
Type
Research Article
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 150 - 158
Copyright
© 2008 Microscopy Society of America

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