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Atomic-resolution Probing of Anion Migration in Perovskites with In-situ (S)TEM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2021

Yu Deng ,
Ruopeng Zhang ,
Jim Ciston ,
Karen C Bustillo ,
Colin Ophus  and
Andrew Minor
Yu Deng
Affiliation:
Nanjing University, United States
Ruopeng Zhang
Affiliation:
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley94720, USA, United States
Jim Ciston
Affiliation:
UC Berkeley, California, United States
Karen C Bustillo
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States
Colin Ophus
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, United States
Andrew Minor
Affiliation:
UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States

Abstract

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Perovskites are promising functional materials for their optoelectronic properties and anion migration plays a key role in their functional performance [1-3]. By using in-situ (S)TEM mechanical and electrical testing in conjunction with 4D-STEM [4,5], we directly observed/probed anion migration in perovskites at atomic resolution (see Figure 1). Here, we studied the mechanism for the anion migration in perovskites such as (PbZr)TiO3 and BaTiO3, which is induced under the mechnaicl/electrical loading. To avoid the influence of the electron beam, we carried out the in-situ (S)TEM study at 60kv with low dose. And to avoid the possible strong size effect and the substrate (interface) influence, we prepared free-standing sub-micrometer single-crystalline structures to perform the experiments. Corresponding EDS and EELS examinations were performed to measure the local chemical change with applied stress and electrical currents. Our observations revealed the coexistence of multiple phase structures and hierarchical domain structures, as well as the greatly enhanced anion drifting and diffusion at the charged domain walls (Figure 2) and phase boundaries. The complex interaction between the local domain evolution and phase transition has been discussed. Based on above investigations, a model for anion migration in perovskire under mechanical/electrical loading has been presented.

Type
Investigating Phase Transitions in Functional Materials and Devices by In Situ/Operando TEM
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 27 , Supplement S1 , August 2021 , pp. 170 - 171
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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