The greenhouse gas emissions of a steel mill have already been described rather extensively
from a process metallurgy point-of-view and the potential impact of alternative technologies
has been estimated, especially by taking into account innovative concepts that still need
long term development. To progress further, it is necessary to carry out the analysis at
a broader scale than the steel mill itself. Downstream, it is possible to utilize slag in
the cement industry to replace natural resources, blast furnace gases in an energy optimized
power plant and coke oven gas to produce hydrogen to be used as a fuel to power fuel cell
driven electrical automobiles. Upstream, it also makes sense to use secondary raw materials
and secondary energy sources instead of coal or natural gas. Moreover, sustainable
recycling, i.e. carried out an indefinite number of times, reduces emissions drastically.