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AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF SPRINGS IN CANADA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.E. Roughley  and
D.J. Larson
R.E. Roughley
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
D.J. Larson
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
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Abstract

The habitat preferences of each of the 663 species of aquatic Coleoptera known from Canada and Alaska were categorized as lentic, lotic, spring-inhabiting, other, or unknown. Most species were assigned to a single habitat type although some occur in more than one habitat. The distribution of species among these habitat types is as follows: lentic, 61%; lotic, 23%; springs, 8%; other, <1%, unknown, 8%. The 63 spring-inhabiting species are distributed among the families Dytiscidae (38 species), Hydrophilidae (nine), Hydraenidae (eight), Chrysomelidae (subfamily Donaciinae) (six), Haliplidae (one), and Dryopidae (one). The diversity of these families in springs only approximately parallels their diversity in the total fauna. Several relatively diverse families (Gyrinidae, Scirtidae, and Curculionidae) are absent from springs as are some predominantly lotic families (Amphizoidae, Elmidae, and Psephenidae). About half the spring species are western (occurring in Manitoba and west), about a quarter are eastern, and a quarter are transcontinental. Most of these spring species are known from the conterminous United States and it is suggested that spring habitats within Canada are being colonized slowly from southern refugia.The habitat affinities of spring-inhabiting Dytiscidae are examined in detail. Of the 260 species occurring in Canada, 38 species occur in springs and represent about 60% of all beetle species in Canadian springs. The spring fauna of dytiscids comprises four elements: nine (24%) inhabit springs only, 11 (29%) are lotic species that also occur in springs, 12 (31%) are species that use a broad range of habitats, and six (16%) are species known otherwise only from lentic habitats. The dytiscid fauna of springs is a heterogeneous assemblage derived from many separate phylogenetic elements.

Résumé

Les préférences d'habitat de chacune des 663 espèces de Coléoptères du Canada et de l'Alaska ont été classées comme lentique, lotique, habitant de source, autre ou inconnu. La plupart des espèces ont été attribuées à un seul type d'habitat, malgré que quelquesunes se trouvent dans plus d'un habitat. La distribution des espèces parmi ces catégories d'habitats est comme suit : lentique, 61%; lotique, 23%; sources, 8%; autre, <1%; inconnu, 8%. Les 63 espèces qui habitent les sources sont réparties parmi les familles Dytiscidae (38 espèces); Hydrophilidae (neuf); Hydraenidae (huit); Chrysomelidae (sous-famille Donaciinae) (six); Haliplidae (une) et Dryopidae (une). La diversité de ces familles dans les sources n'est qu'approximativement en parallèle avec leur diversité parmi la faune globale. Quelques familles relativement diverses (Gyrinidae, Scirtidae et Curculionidae) sont absentes des sources, comme le sont certaines familles qui prédominent habituellement dans les habitats lotiques (Amphizoidae, Elmidae et Psephenidae). Environ la moitié des espèces de sources habitent l'ouest canadien (sise au Manitoba et plus à l'ouest), près du quart habitent l'est et un quart sont transcontinentales. La plupart de ces espèces de sources sont connues des états-Unis adjacents et il est proposé que les habitats des sources au Canada sont lentement colonisés à partir des refuges situés plus au sud.

Les affinités à l'habitat chez les Dytiscidae qui vivent dans les sources ont été examinées en détail. Des 260 espèces qui se trouvent au Canada, 38 espèces se retrouvent dans les sources, ce qui représente presque 60% de toutes les espèces de Coléoptères dans les sources canadiennes. La faune dytiscide des sources se subdivise en quatre sous-ensembles : neuf espèces (24%) n'habitent que les sources; 11 (29%) sont des espèces lotiques qui se retrouvent également dans les sources; 12 (31%) sont des espèces qui utilisent une large gamme d'habitats; et six (16%) sont des espèces habituellement retrouvées dans les habitats lentiques. La faune dytiscide des sources constitue un assemblage hétérogène dérivé de plusieurs éléments phylogénétiques.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 123 , Supplement S155 , 1991 , pp. 125 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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