The aim of this work is to characterise the k-polar variety Pk(X) of an (n − 1)-ruled hypersurface X ⊂ ℂ n+1. More precisely, we prove that Pk(X) is empty for all k >1 and the first polar variety is empty or it is an (n − 2)-ruled variety in ℂ n+1, whose multiplicity is obtained by the multiplicity of the base curve and the multiplicity of one directrix of X. As a consequence we obtain the Euler obstruction Eu 0(X) of X and, in addition, we exhibit (n − 1)-ruled hypersurfaces such that Eu 0(X) = m, for any prescribed positive integer m.

The weak units of strict monoidal 1- and 2-categories are defined respectively in [15] and [14]. In this paper, we define them for group-like 1- and 2-stacks. We show that they form a contractible Picard 1- and 2-stack, respectively. We give their cohomological description which provides for these stacks a representation by complexes of sheaves of groups. Later, we extend the discussion to the monoidal case. We consider the (2-)substack of cancelable objects of a monoidal 1-(2-)stack. We observe that this (2-)substack is trivially group-like, its weak units are the same as the weak units of the monoidal 1-(2-)stack, and therefore we can recover the contractibility results in [15] and [14] by analysing it.

There are 432 strongly squarefree symmetric bilinear forms of signature (2, 1) defined over $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{2}]$ whose integral isometry groups are generated up to finite index by finitely many reflections. We adapted Allcock's method (based on Nikulin's) of analysis for the 2-dimensional Weyl chamber to the real quadratic setting, and used it to produce a finite list of quadratic forms which contains all of the ones of interest to us as a sub-list. The standard method for determining whether a hyperbolic reflection group is generated up to finite index by reflections is an algorithm of Vinberg. However, for a large number of our quadratic forms the computation time required by Vinberg's algorithm was too long. We invented some alternatives, which we present here.

Let $S(t) = {1}/{\pi} \arg \zeta \big(\hh + it \big)$ be the argument of the Riemann zeta-function at the point 1/2 + it. For n ⩾ 1 and t > 0 define its iterates

where δ n is a specific constant depending on n and S 0(t) ≔ S(t). In 1924, J. E. Littlewood proved, under the Riemann hypothesis (RH), that Sn (t) = O(log t/(log log t) n + 1). The order of magnitude of this estimate was never improved up to this date. The best bounds for S(t) and S 1(t) are currently due to Carneiro, Chandee and Milinovich. In this paper we establish, under RH, an explicit form of this estimate

$$\begin{equation*} -\left( C^-_n + o(1)\right) \frac{\log t}{(\log \log t)^{n+1}} \ \leq \ S_n(t) \ \leq \ \left( C^+_n + o(1)\right) \frac{\log t}{(\log \log t)^{n+1}}\,, \end{equation*}$$

for all n ⩾ 2, with the constants C ± n decaying exponentially fast as n → ∞. This improves (for all n ⩾ 2) a result of Wakasa, who had previously obtained such bounds with constants tending to a stationary value when n → ∞. Our method uses special extremal functions of exponential type derived from the Gaussian subordination framework of Carneiro, Littmann and Vaaler for the cases when n is odd, and an optimized interpolation argument for the cases when n is even. In the final section we extend these results to a general class of L-functions.

In this paper, we consider a corollary of the ACC conjecture for F-pure thresholds. Specifically, we show that the F-pure threshold (and more generally, the test ideals) associated to a polynomial with an isolated singularity are locally constant in the 𝔪-adic topology of the corresponding local ring. As a by-product of our methods, we also describe a simple algorithm for computing all of the F-jumping numbers and test ideals associated to an arbitrary polynomial over an F-finite field.

A large class of initial-boundary problems of linear evolution partial differential equations formulated on the half-line is analyzed via the unified transform method. In particular, explicit representations are presented for the generalised Dirichlet to Neumann maps. Namely, the determination of the unknown boundary values when an essential set of initial and boundary data is given.

We study derived invariance through syzygy complexes. In particular, we prove that syzygy-finite algebras and Igusa--Todorov algebras are invariant under derived equivalences. Consequently, we obtain that both classes of algebras are invariant under tilting equivalences. We also prove that derived equivalences preserve AC-algebras and the validity of the finitistic Auslander conjecture.

Inside any proper hyperbolic geodesic space X we construct a rooted topological ${\mathbb R}$ -tree T that reflects the geometry of X in the following sense. All rays in T are quasi-geodesic in X. Every geodesic ray in X lies eventually close to a ray of T. The embedding of T in X extends continuously to their boundaries in a finite-to-one way, the number of boundary points of T mapping to a given boundary point of X being bounded if the (Assouad) dimension of the boundary of X is finite.

Let Γ be a crystallographic group of dimension n, i.e. a discrete, cocompact subgroup of Isom(ℝ n ) = O(n) ⋉ ℝ n . For any n ⩾ 2, we construct a crystallographic group with a trivial center and trivial outer automorphism group.

We prove that every piecewise linear manifold of dimension up to four on which a finite group acts by piecewise linear homeomorphisms admits a compatible smooth structure with respect to which the group acts smoothly.