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The genus Endocena (Icmadophilaceae): DNA evidence suggests the same fungus forms different morphologies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2017

Alan M. FRYDAY ,
Imke SCHMITT  and
Sergio PÉREZ-ORTEGA
Alan M. FRYDAY
Affiliation:
Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA. Email: fryday@msu.edu
Imke SCHMITT
Affiliation:
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
Sergio PÉREZ-ORTEGA
Affiliation:
Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), c/ Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Numerous recent studies of lichenized fungi have uncovered hidden genetic diversity within a single phenotypic entity (so-called ‘cryptic species’). Here we report the opposite situation with vastly different morphologies apparently deriving from the same genotype. Endocena is a monotypic genus known only from southern South America. The single reported species, the terricolous E. informis, is morphologically variable; the type and other collections from the west coast of Chile being subfruticose, whereas specimens from further south and east are almost crustose in form. A sorediate terricolous lichen that is frequent on the Falkland Islands was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA and mtSSU rDNA sequences as being congeneric with E. informis and, surprisingly, both taxa were recovered as congeneric with the recently described genus and species Chirleja buckii, which is morphologically distinct from both E. informis and the sorediate taxon. Consequently, the genus Chirleja is included in the synonymy of Endocena and the new combination Endocena buckii is proposed. Because E. informis and the sorediate specimens have a similar thallus structure that differs radically from that of E. buckii, the name E. informis var. falklandica is proposed for the sorediate taxon. Poorly developed, incipient apothecia are also described from both varieties of E. informis, the first time that these have been reported for Endocena. We also report two lichenicolous fungi from E. informis var. informis, which are the first reports of lichenicolous fungi occurring on this genus.

Keywords

Chirlejalichenized fungilichensmolecular systematicsphenotypic plasticitysouthern South Americatypification
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 347 - 363
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2017 

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