Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T07:08:13.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Globalization and Pension Reform in Latin America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Abstract

While financial globalization has created powerful incentives for Latin American governments to privatize old age pension systems, reliance on short-term capital flows has also constrained the ability of cash-strapped governments to enact that reform. Analysis of the technocratic process of pension reform in Argentina and Brazil provides evidence. Instead of simply generating unidirectional pressures for structural pension reform, financial globalization has created a double bind for Latin America's capital-scarce governments, fostering long-term incentives to privatize pension systems while heightening the risk of punishment in the short term.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Moisés, Arce. 2001. The Politics of Pension Reform in Peru. Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 3: 90–115.Google Scholar
Associaçào Brasileira de Entidades de Previdência Privada (ABRAPP). 1999. Consolidado Estatístico 7, 11. Sào Paulo, Brazil: ABRAPP.Google Scholar
Kaizô, Beltrào. 1999. Demographer; Member, Lara Resende group, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Author interview. Rio de Janeiro, June 23.Google Scholar
Bevilaqua, Afonso Sant'anna, Dionísio Dias Carneiro, Márcio Gomes Pinto Garcia, Rogéro Furquim, Laderia Werneck, Fernando Blanco, Patrica Pierotti, Marcelo Rezende, Tatiana Didier 2001. The Structure of Public Sector Debt in Brazil. Research Network Working Paper R-424. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.Google Scholar
Amaury, Bier. 1999. Executive Secretary, Ministério da Fazenda. Author interview. Brasília, June 9.Google Scholar
Brasil. Ministério da Fazenda. Immediate Action Program. http://www.fazenda.gov.br Accessed June 2004.Google Scholar
Brasil. Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social. 1997. INFORME da Previdência Social 9, 12.Google Scholar
Sarah, Brooks. 2002. Social Protection and Economic Integration: the Politics of Pension Reform in an Era of Capital Mobility. Comparative Political Studies 35, 5: 491–525.Google Scholar
Sarah, Brooks. 2005. Interdependent and Domestic Foundations of Policy Change: the Diffusion of Pension Privatization around the World. International Studies Quarterly 49, 2: 273–94.Google Scholar
Sarah, Brooks. Forthcoming. Social Protection and the Market: The Transformation of Social Security Institutions in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pablo, Bustos. 1995. Argentina: ?un capitalismo emergente? In Más allá de la estabilidad: Argentina en la época de la globalización y la regionalización, ed. Bustos, . Buenos Aires: Fundación Friedrich Ebert. 1138.Google Scholar
Pablo, Bustos. 1998. Economist, Fundación Ebert. Author interview. Buenos Aires, July 26.Google Scholar
Armando, Caro Figueroa. 1998. Former Minister of Labor and Social Security, Argentina. Author interview. Buenos Aires, July 27.Google Scholar
Oscar, Cetrángolo. 1998. Pension analyst, Centro de Estudios para el Cambio Estructural. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 9.Google Scholar
María Amparo, Cruz-Saco, and Carmelo, Mesa-Lago, eds. 1998. Do Options Exist? The Reform of Pension and Health Care Systems in Latin America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Bob, Deacon, and Michelle, Hulse. 1997. The Making of Post-Communist Social Policy: the Role of International Agencies. Journal of Social Policy 26, 1: 43–62.Google Scholar
Gustavo, Demarco. 2004. The Argentine Pension System Reform and International Lessons. In Learning From Foreign Models in Latin American Policy Reform, ed. Kurt, Weyland. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 81109.Google Scholar
Gustavo, Demarco. 1998. General Manager, Superintendencia de Administradoras de Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 16.Google Scholar
Rodolfo, Díaz. 1998. Former Minister of Labor and Social Security, Argentina. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 25.Google Scholar
Michelle, Dion. 2006. Globalización, democratización y reforma del sistema de seguridad social en México, 1988–2005. Foro Internacional 183, 1: 51–80.Google Scholar
Barry, Eichengreen, and Ashoka, Mody. 1998. What Explains Changing Spreads on Emerging-Market Debt: Fundamentals or Market Sentiment? NBER Working Paper 6408. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Carlos, Etala. 1998. Lawyer and pension reform analyst, Yomho, Antúnez & Etala. Author interview. Buenos Aires, July 20.Google Scholar
Carlos, Facal. 1998. Insurance executive, Berkley International Art. Author interview. Buenos Aires, July 6.Google Scholar
Juan Gonzáles, Gaviola. 1998. Peronist Deputy, National Congress. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 17.Google Scholar
Pablo, Gerchunoff, and José Luis, Machinea. 1995. Un ensayo sobre la política económica después de la estabilización. In Más allá de la estabilidad: Argentina en la época de la globalización y la regionalización, ed. Pablo, Bustos. Buenos Aires: Fundación Friedrich Ebert. 3992.Google Scholar
Robert, Holzmann, and Hinz, Richard. 2005. Old Age Income Support in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Evelyne, Huber, and John, D. Stephens. 2000. The Political Economy of Pension Reform: Latin America in Comparative Perspective. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Occasional Paper 7. Geneva: UNRISD. May.Google Scholar
Ernesto A, Isuani., and Jorge San, Martino. 1995. El nuevo sistema previsional argentino. ?Punto final a una larga crisis Boletín Informativo Techint 286 (April-June): 281–82.Google Scholar
Ernesto A, Isuani., Rafael, Rofman, and Jorge San, Martino. 1996. Las jubilaciones del siglo Xxi, ?podemos gastar la cuenta Boletín Informativo Techint 286 April-June: 79104.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2004. Appendix 3: A Retrospective on Argentina's Fiscal Policy, 1991–2001. In The IMF and Argentina: 1991–2001. Washington, DC: IMF. 8082.Google Scholar
Robert, Kaufman, and Alex, Segura-Ubiergo. 2001. Globalization, Domestic Politics and Social Spending in Latin America, 1973–1997. World Politics 53, 4: 553–87.Google Scholar
Stephen, Kay. 1999. Unexpected Privatizations: Politics and Social Security Reform in the Southern Cone. Comparative Politics 31, 1: 403–22.Google Scholar
Stephen, Kay. 2000. Recent Changes in Latin American Welfare States: Is There Social Dumping Journal of European Social Policy 10, 2: 185–203.Google Scholar
Stephen, Kay. 2003. State Capacity and Pensions. Paper prepared for the the 24th International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Dallas, March 27–29.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph, Nye. 1998. Power and Interdependence in the Information Age. Foreign Affairs 77, 5, 81–94.Google Scholar
Marcus J, Kurtz. 1999. Chile's Neo-Liberal Revolution: Incremental Decisions and Structural Transformation, 1973–89. Journal of Latin American Studies 31, 2 (May): 399–427.Google Scholar
André Soares, Loureiro, and Fernando de Holanda, Barbosa. 2003. Public Debt and Risk Premium of Public Securities in Brazil. Technical Notes 42. Brasília: Banco Central do Brasil.Google Scholar
Rubén, LoVuolo. 1996. Reformas previsionales en América Latina: una visión crítica en base al caso argentino. Comercio Exterior 46, 9 (setiembre): 692–702.Google Scholar
Arnaldo, Madeira. 1999. Psdb Party leader and National Deputy, National Congress. Author interview. Brasília, May 27.Google Scholar
Raúl, Madrid. 2003. Retiring the State: The Politics of Pension Privatization in Latin America and Beyond. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Raúl, Madrid. 2005. Ideas, Economic Pressures, and Pension Privatization. Latin American Politics and Society 47, 2 (Summer): 23–50.Google Scholar
Ana, Margheritis. 2002. Policy Innovation and Leaders' Perceptions: Building a Reformist Consensus in Argentina. Journal of Latin American Studies 34, 4 (November): 881–914.Google Scholar
Sylvia, Maxfield. 1997. Gatekeepers of Growth: Central Banking in Developing Countries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Marcus André, Melo. 2004. Institutional Choice and the Diffusion of Policy Paradigms: Brazil and the Second Wave of Pension Reform. International Political Science Review 25, 3: 320–41.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. 1989. Ascent to Bankruptcy: Financing Social Security in Latin America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. 1997. Social Welfare Reform in the Context of Economic-Political Liberalization: Latin American Cases. World Development 25, 1: 497–517.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo, and Katharina, Müller. 2002. The Politics of Pension Reform in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies 34, 3 (August): 687–715.Google Scholar
Morley, Samuel A., Roberto, Machado, and Stefano, Pettinato. 1999. Indexes of Structural Reform in Latin America. Serie Reformas Económicas No. 12. Santiago: ECLAC.Google Scholar
Layna, Mosley. 2003. Global Capital and National Governments. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Katharina, Müller. 1999. The Political Economy of Pension Reform in Central-Eastern Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Press.Google Scholar
Katharina, Müller. 2001. The Political Economy of Pension Reform in Eastern Europe. International Social Security Review 54, 23: 57–79.Google Scholar
María Victoria, Murillo, and Schrank, Andrew. 2005. With a Little Help from My Friends: Partisan Politics, Transnational Alliances, and Labor Rights in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies. 38, 8: 971–99.Google Scholar
Sheila, Najberg. 1998. Special Adviser, Cabinet of the President, Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social. Author interview. Rio de Janeiro, December 13.Google Scholar
Maria Ines, Nassif, and Sueli, Caldas. 1999. Para economista, situaçào da previdênçia piorou. Estado de Sào Paulo, May 20.Google Scholar
Joan, Nelson. 1996. Promoting Policy Reforms: the Twilight of Conditionality. World Development 24, 9: 1551–59.Google Scholar
Joan, Nelson. 2004. External Models, International Influence, and the Politics of Social Sector Reforms. In Learning from Foreign Models in Latin American Policy Reform, ed. Weyland, Kurt. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 273–94.Google Scholar
Oliveira, Francisco. 1999. Pension expert, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada. Author interview. Rio de Janeiro, June 25.Google Scholar
Oliveira, Francisco, Eduardo, Barreto, Kaizô Iwakami, Beltrào, and de Marsillac Pasinato, Maria Tereza. 1999. Reforma estrutural da previdência: uma proposta para assegurar proteçào social e eqüidade. IPEA Discussion Text 690. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Orenstein. 2005. The New Pension Reform as Global Policy. Global Social Policy 5, 2: 175–202.Google Scholar
Vicente, Palermo, and John, Collins. 1998. Moderate Populism: a Political Approach to Argentina's 1991 Convertibility Plan. Latin American Perspectives 25, 1: 36–62.Google Scholar
Vinícius, Pinheiro. 1998. Secretary of Social Security, Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social. Author interview. Brasília, November 18.Google Scholar
Vinícius, Pinheiro, and Solange, Viera. 2000. Reforma previsional en Brasil: la nueva regla para el cálculo de los beneficios. Serie Financiamiento del Desarrollo No. 97. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.Google Scholar
Monika, Queisser. 2000. Pension Reform and International Organizations: from Conflict to Convergence. International Social Security Review 53, 2: 31–46.Google Scholar
Fabiana, Rocha, and Paulo, Picchetti. 2003. Fiscal adjustment in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Economia 57, 1: 239–52.Google Scholar
Rafael, Rofman. 1997. Pension Reform in Argentina: the Political Process and Transition Costs. Unpublished mss. Buenos Aires: Superintendencia de Administradoras de Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones.Google Scholar
Rafael, Rofman. 1998. Economist, Afjp La Nación. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 10.Google Scholar
Eduardo, Santín. 1998. National Deputy, Unión Cívica Radical, National Congress. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 15.Google Scholar
Javier, Santiso. 2003. The Political Economy of Emerging Markets: Actors, Institutions and Crisis in Latin America. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Joseph, Savitsky, and Shavid, Burki. 2003. Capital Flows to Emerging Markets and Policy Implications: The Experience of Latin America and the Caribbean. Japan Program Working Paper Series on Globalization No. 5. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.Google Scholar
Walter, Schulthess. 1998. Former Secretary of Social Security, Argentina; Economist, Ajfp Provincia. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 11.Google Scholar
Solís Soberón, Fernando, and Alejandro, Villagómez. 1997. Domestic Savings in Mexico and Pension Reform. In Mexico: Assessing Neo-Liberal Reform, ed. Mónica, Serrano. London: Institute of Latin American Studies. 106–26.Google Scholar
Stokes, Susan. 2001. Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Juan Carlos, Torre. 1997. El lanzamiento político de las reformas estructurales en América Latina. Política y Gobierno 4, 2: 471–98.Google Scholar
Juan Carlos, Torre. 1998. Professor, Universidad Torcuato di Tella. Author interview. Buenos Aires, June 20.Google Scholar
Juan Carlos, Torre, and Pablo, Gerchunoff. 1998. La economía política de las reformas institucionales en Argentina. Los casos de la política de privatización de Entel, la reforma de la seguridad social y la reforma laboral. Unpublished mss. Buenos Aires: Instituto Torcuato di Tella.Google Scholar
James, Vreeland. 2003. Why Do Governments and the Imf Enter into Agreements? Statistically Selected Cases. International Political Science Review 24, 3: 159–83.Google Scholar
Kurt, Weyland. 1996. Democracy Without Equity: The Failure of Reform in Brazil. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Kurt, Weyland. 2005. Theories of Policy Diffusion: Lessons from Latin American Pension Reform. World Politics 57, 2 (October): 262–95.Google Scholar
Erik, Wibbels. 2006. Dependency Revisited: International Markets, Business Cycles, and Social Spending in the Developing World. International Organization 60, 2: 433–68.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1994. Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2005a. Projects Database. http://www.worldbank.org Accessed July 2005.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2005b. World Development Indicators. CD-ROM. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2005c. Program Document for a Proposed Fiscal Reform Loan—Social Security Reform in the Amount Equivalent to Us$658.3 million to the Federative Republic of Brazil. Report No. 32226-Br. May 6.Google Scholar