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Use of fresh water by an estuarine-resident marine catfish: evidence from gonadal and otolith chemistry analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2019

Mario V. Condini*
Affiliation:
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Presidente Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Brasil Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 08, Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brasil
Paula E. R. Pereyra
Affiliation:
Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 08, Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brasil Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale, Bairro Agronomia, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
Alexandre M. Garcia
Affiliation:
Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 08, Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brasil
Tatiana D. Saint'pierre
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Gianfranco Ceni
Affiliation:
Instituto de Meio Ambiente, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brasil
Rafael Lugo
Affiliation:
Instituto de Meio Ambiente, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brasil
Nelson F. Fontoura
Affiliation:
Instituto de Meio Ambiente, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brasil
João P. Vieira
Affiliation:
Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 08, Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brasil
Cristiano Q. Albuquerque
Affiliation:
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Presidente Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Brasil
*
Author for correspondence: Mario V. Condini, E-mail: mvcondini@gmail.com

Abstract

In this study, we examine how the Guri catfish Genidens genidens uses estuarine and freshwater habitats along the largest South American coastal lagoon, through the chemical analysis of otoliths and microscopic analysis of gonads. Chemical composition (Sr:Ca) of otolith edges allowed distinguishing between individuals who used the estuarine or freshwater compartments of the lagoon. The analysis of core-to-edge chemical profiles of each individual otolith revealed that the population may present two different patterns of habitat use along the lagoon. The ‘type 1’ pattern (89.5%) includes fish who appear to have been born in estuarine waters, whereas ‘type 2’ (9.5%) includes those fish born in fresh water. Nevertheless, juveniles from both patterns appear to migrate to estuarine waters. The gonad analysis shows G. genidens may reproduce in fresh water, as nearly 57% of all sampled fish were found to spawn in the freshwater portion of the lagoon. Also, the otolith core of many adult fish presented freshwater signatures, thus suggesting consistent fresh water use during early life. Our findings based on otolith and gonadal analyses challenge the previous classification of G. genidens as an estuarine resident. Rather, our results allow the suggestion that this species should be placed in the ‘estuarine and fresh water’ guild, which includes both fish completing their life cycles within the estuary and fish who consistently use freshwater habitats.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2019 

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