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Sexual reproduction of the potentially cultivable sponge Mycale phyllophila (Porifera, Demospongiae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2015

Dan Huang ,
Huilong Ou ,
Dexiang Wang ,
Jun Chen  and
Shaoxiong Ding
Dan Huang
Affiliation:
Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
Huilong Ou
Affiliation:
Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
Dexiang Wang*
Affiliation:
Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
Jun Chen
Affiliation:
Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
Shaoxiong Ding
Affiliation:
Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:D. Wang, Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China email: dxwang@xmu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Sponges of the Mycale genus are an important source of several bioactive metabolites. The raw materials for studies on this genus mainly come from the wild populations. However, the scarce biomass of sponges in the wild has become an obstacle to the better investigation of the active substances. To establish aquaculture methods based on the sexual reproduction of the demosponge Mycale phyllophila and solve the sponge shortage problems, the sexual reproductive cycle of this species was studied. Our investigation is the first to report the sexual reproduction of the Mycale species in the coastal waters of China. We collected the sponge specimens from Dongshan Bay (Fujian, China) monthly from June 2012 to January 2014. Small samples of approximately 8 cm3 in volume were cut from 15 sponges (10 tagged individuals and five random individuals) with surgical scissors for histological analysis. The results indicated that M. phyllophila is a hermaphroditic and viviparous species. The primary oocytes measured 30–50 μm in diameter, while mature oocytes reached 300–400 µm by engulfing nearby nurse cells. Spermatic cysts containing asynchronous cells were found throughout the mesohyl, especially adjacent to the oscula. Macromeres in the middle and micromeres in the periphery were observed as the cleavage progressed. The reproductive activity of M. phyllophila lasted for 5–6 months and peaked when the average water temperature was above 25°C. This suggests that water temperature is an important environmental factor influencing the sexual reproduction cycle.

Keywords

Mycale phyllophilasexual reproductionsponge aquaculturesponge shortagePoriferaDemospongiaeoogenesisspermatogenesisembryogenesisgametes density
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 96 , Issue 5 , August 2016 , pp. 1073 - 1081
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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