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Introduction, dispersal and naturalization of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in British estuaries, 1980–2010

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2015

John Humphreys ,
Matthew R. C. Harris ,
Roger J. H. Herbert ,
Paul Farrell ,
Antony Jensen  and
Simon M. Cragg
John Humphreys*
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Southsea, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
Matthew R. C. Harris
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Southsea, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
Roger J. H. Herbert
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
Paul Farrell
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Southsea, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
Antony Jensen
Affiliation:
Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Simon M. Cragg
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Southsea, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: J. Humphreys, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Southsea, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK email: jhc@jhc.co
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Abstract

The introduction of the Manila clam into British coastal waters in the 1980s was contested by conservation agencies. While recognizing the value of the clam for aquaculture, the government decided that it posed no invasive risk, as British sea temperatures would prevent naturalization. This proved incorrect. Here we establish the pattern of introduction and spread of the species over the first 30 years of its presence in Britain. We report archival research on the sequence of licensed introductions and examine their relationship in time and space to the appearance of wild populations as revealed in the literature and by field surveys. By 2010 the species had naturalized in at least 11 estuaries in southern England. These included estuaries with no history of licensed introduction. In these cases activities such as storage of catch before market or deliberate unlicensed introduction represent the probable mechanisms of dispersal. In any event naturalization is not an inevitable consequence of introduction and the chances of establishment over the period in question were finely balanced. Consequently in Britain the species is not currently aggressively invasive and appears not to present significant risk to indigenous diversity or ecosystem function. However it is likely to gradually continue its spread should sea surface temperatures rise as predicted.

Keywords

Manila clamRuditapes philippinaruminvasionnaturalizationnon-indigenous speciesBritish estuaries
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , September 2015 , pp. 1163 - 1172
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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