Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T07:57:54.265Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

PAUL SAKMANN’S AND ALBERT SCHATZ’S MANDEVILLE STUDIES: THEIR LINK TO HAYEK’S ‘SPONTANEOUS ORDER’ THEORY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2016

Mark Charles Nolan*
Affiliation:
School of Economics, University College Cork, Ireland.

Abstract

This paper agrees with Friedrich August Hayek’s assertion in his 1945 Dublin lecture that the importance of Dutch physician Bernard Mandeville’s role in the history of economics had been overlooked and with his 1966 London lecture’s assertion that Mandeville’s important contribution qualified him as a master mind. Paul Sakmann’s and Albert Schatz’s studies of Mandeville’s eighteenth-century allegorical Fable of the Bees satire were acknowledged by Hayek as having influenced his formulation and development of the theory of spontaneous order extended from Scottish Enlightenment thinkers. Each of these two writers’ contribution to Mandeville and spontaneous order theory is considered as well as proposing a new source for the term “spontaneous order”—Schatz’s 1907‘le principe d’ordre spontané.’

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The History of Economics Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allix, Edgard. 1937. Notice sur la Vie et les Travaux de M. Auguste Deschamps (1863–1935). Paris: L’Institut de France.Google Scholar
Anderson, Paul Bunyan. 1936. “Splendor Out of Scandal: The Lucinda Artesia Papers in The Female Tatler.” Philological Quarterly 15: 286300.Google Scholar
Barry, Norman. 1982. “The Tradition of Spontaneous Order.” Literature of Liberty V (Summer): 758.Google Scholar
Binder, Hermann. 1937. In Memoriam Paul Sakmann. Stuttgart: Rotary-Klub.Google Scholar
Bladel, John P. 2005. “Against Polanyi-Centrism: Hayek and the Re-Emergence of ‘Spontaneous Order.’” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 8: 1530.Google Scholar
Breeze, John D. 2002. “Henri Fayol’s Centre for Administrative Studies.” In Wood, John C. and Wood, Michael C., eds., Henri Fayol: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management Volume 1. London: Routledge, pp. 93123.Google Scholar
Buxtorf, Anne-Elisabeth. 2010. “100 Years On: A Brief History of the Institute Français in London.” French Studies Library Group Annual Review 2009–10 6: 1012.Google Scholar
Caldwell, Bruce. 2006. “Popper and Hayek: Who Influenced Whom?” In Jarvie, Ian, Milford, Karl, and Miller, David, eds., Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment. Volume I, Life and Times, and Values in a World of Facts. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 111124.Google Scholar
Cobban, Alfred. 1968. “Hippolyte Taine, Historian of the French Revolution.” History 53: 331334.Google Scholar
Curty, Pierre. 1995. Un économiste individualiste anti-conformiste: Albert Schatz (1879–1940). Edited by Potier, Jean-Pierre. Lyon: L’Université Lumière Lyon 2.Google Scholar
Curty, Pierre. 2000. “Albert Schatz (1879–1940).” In Économistes en Lyonnais, en Dauphiné et en Forez, sous le auspices du Centre Auguste et Léon Walras. Lyon: L’institut des Science de l’Homme et de l’Université Lumière Lyon 2, pp. 377388.Google Scholar
Davidson, Sinclair, et al. 2010. The Multi-Layered Hayek. CIS occasional papers 122, edited by Marc-Hartwich, Oliver. St Leonards, NSW: The Centre for Independent Studies.Google Scholar
Dekker, Rudolf. 1992. “‘Private Vices, Public Virtues’ Revisited: The Dutch Background of Bernard Mandeville.” History of European Ideas 14 (4): 481498.Google Scholar
Deschamps, Auguste. 1900. L’enseignement de l’histoire des doctrines economic à la faculté de droit de Paris, extrait de la Revue International de l’Enseignement, du 15 mars 1900. Paris: A. Chevalier-Marescq.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Adam. 1767. An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Dublin: Boutler Grierson.Google Scholar
Ferraton, Cyrille, and Prévost, Benoît. 2013. “Redécouvrir une histoire inaugurale de la pensée économique.” In Schatz, Albert, ed., L’Individualisme Économique et Social. Paris: Bibliothèque Classique de la Liberté, editors’ preface.Google Scholar
Gamble, Andrew. 1996. Hayek: The Iron Cage of Liberty. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, Maurice M. 1976. “Public Virtue and Private Vices: Bernard Mandeville and English Political Ideologies in the Early Eighteenth Century.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 9: 477510.Google Scholar
Gottmann, Felicia. 2013. “Du Châtlet, Voltaire, and the Transformation of Mandeville’s Fable.” History of European Ideas 38: 218232.Google Scholar
Gramm, Warren S. 1975. “Chicago Economics: From Individualism True to Individualism False.” Journal of Economic Issues 9 (4): 753775.Google Scholar
Gray, Peter. 1969. The Enlightenment an Interpretation: The Science of Freedom. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.Google Scholar
Groethuysen, Bernard. 1934. “Rationalism.” In Seligman, Edwin R. A., ed., Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Volume 13. New York: The Macmillan Company, p. 113.Google Scholar
Hamowy, Ronald. 1987. The Scottish Enlightenment and the Theory of Spontaneous Order. Published for The Journal of the History of Philosophy. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Hamowy, Ronald. 2005. The Political Sociology of Freedom: Adam Ferguson and F. A. Hayek. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Harrod, Roy F. 1946. “Professor Hayek on Individualism.” The Economic Journal 56 (September): 435442.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. 1941a. “The Counter-Revolution of Science Part 1, The Source of the Scientific Hubris: L’Ecole Polytechnique.” Economica VIII , 29 (February): 923.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. 1941b. “The Counter-Revolution of Science Part 111, Social Physics: Saint-Simon and Comte.” Economica VIII , 31 (August): 281320.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. 1946. Individualism: True and False. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis & Co., Ltd.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. [1960] 2011. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek . Volume XVII, The Constitution of Liberty. The Definitive Edition. Edited by Hamowy, Ronald. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. 1967. Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. [1973] 1988. Law, Legislation and Liberty. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. 1978. New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich August. 2010. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek . Volume XIII, Studies on the Abuse & Decline of Reason. Edited by Caldwell, Bruce. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Heath, Eugene. 1999. “J. Martin Stafford. Private Vices, Publick Benefits? The Contemporary Reception of Bernard Mandeville.” Hume Studies XXV (April/November): 225240.Google Scholar
Hobbes, Thomas. [1640] 1889. The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic. Edited with a preface and critical notes by Tönnies, Ferdinand. London: Simkin, Marshall.Google Scholar
Horgan, John J. 1922. “L’Entreprise gouvernementale et son Administration by Albert Schatz: L’Incapacite Industrielle de L’Etat: Les P.T.T. by Henri Fayol and Municipal Government in the United States by Everett Kimball, Report Review by: John J. Horgan.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 11 (44): 652656.Google Scholar
Hundert, Edward J. [1994] 2005. The Enlightenment’s Fable: Bernard Mandeville and the Discovery of Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hunt, Louis. 2007. “The Origin and Scope of Hayek’s Idea of Spontaneous Order.” In Hunt, Louis and McNamara, Peter, eds., Liberalism, Conservatism and Hayek’s Idea of Spontaneous Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 4364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jack, Malcolm. 1997. “A Note on Hutcheson and Mandeville.” In Stafford, Martin, ed., Private Vices, Publick Benefits? The Contemporary Reception of Bernard Mandeville. Solihull, West Midlands: Ismeron, pp. 408410.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Struan. 1997–98. “Michael Polanyi and Spontaneous Order, 1941–51. Tradition and Discovery.” The Polanyi Society Periodical 24: 1427.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Struan. 2013. “Michael Polanyi on the Order of a Free Society.” Unpublished ms.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Struan, and Mullins, Phil. 2008. “Faith Tradition and Dynamic Order: Michael Polanyi’s Liberal Thought from 1941–1951.” History of European Ideas 34: 120131.Google Scholar
Jones, H. Stuart. 2002. “The Era of Tyrannies: Elie Halevy and Friedrich von Hayek on Socialism.” European Journal of Political Theory 1: 5369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, Frederick Benjamin. 1921. “The Writings of Bernard Mandeville: A Biographical Survey.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 20: 419467.Google Scholar
Kaye, Frederick Benjamin. 1922. “The Influence of Bernard Mandeville.” Studies in Philology 19 (January): 83108.Google Scholar
Klinck, David. 1996. The French Counter-revolutionary Theorist Louis de Boland (1754–1840). Volume 18 of Studies in Modern European History. Edited by Coppa, Frank J.. New York: Peter Laing Publishing Inc.Google Scholar
Laviosa, Giacômo. 1897. La filosofia scientifica del diritto in Inghliterra. Studio storico-critico del dott. Parte 1. Da Bacon a Hume. Turin: Carlo Clausen.Google Scholar
Le Jallé, Eléonore. 2003. “Hayek Lecteur des Philosophes de L’Ordre Spontane: Mandeville, Hume Ferguson.” Astérion, Revue de Philosophie, histoire des idées, pensée politique 1 (Juin): 88111.Google Scholar
Mandeville, Bernard. 1732. A Letter to Dion, occasioned by his book call’d Alciphron or The Minute Philosopher, by the author of the Fable of the Bees. London: J. Roberts in Warwick.Google Scholar
Mandeville, Bernard. [1924] 1988. The Fable of The Bees, or Private Vices, Publick Benefits, with a commentary Critical, Historical, and Explanatory, by Frederick Benjamin Kaye. Volumes I and II. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Inc.Google Scholar
Marnix, Philip of Lord of St. Aldegonde. 1569 [2007]. The Beehive of the Romish Church. With revised text and notes by Martin B. Pigott. Milton Keynes, UK: Lightening Source UK Ltd.Google Scholar
Mirowski, Philip, and Plehwe, Dieter. 2009. The Road from Mont Pelerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Nolan, Mark C. 2013. “Hayek’s 1945 Finlay Memorial Lecture: Tracing the Origins and Evolution of His ‘True’ Individualism.” The Review of Austrian Economics 26 (January): 5371.Google Scholar
Patot, Simon Tyssot de. 1710. Voyages et avantures de Jacques Massé. La Haye (The Hague, Holland): Jacque L’Aveugle.Google Scholar
Patot, Simon Tyssot de. [1733] 2012. The Travels and Adventures of James Massey. Translated from the French. London: ECCO (Eighteenth Century Collections Online). Originally printed London: John Watts.Google Scholar
Petsoulas, Christina. 2001. Hayek’s Liberalism and its Origins: His Idea of Spontaneous Order and the Scottish Enlightenment. Book 25 of Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Piozzi, Hester Lynch. 1942. Thraliana: The Diary of Mrs Hester Lynch Thrale (later Mrs Piozzi). Edited by Balderston, Katherine C.. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Prendergast, Renee. 2014. “Knowledge, Innovation and Emulation in the Thought of Bernard Mandeville.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 38 (1): 87107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rashid, Salim. 1985. “Mandeville’s Fable: Laissez-faire or Libertinism?” Eighteenth-Century Studies 18 (Spring): 313330.Google Scholar
Retz, Jean François Paul de Condi. [1896] 2010. Memoirs of the Cardinal De Retz: Containing all the Great Events During The Minority of Louis XIV. Translated from the French. London: H. S. Nichols. Reprinted USA: La Vergne.Google Scholar
Röpke, Wilhelm. 1937. Die Lehre von der Wirtschaft. Wien: Verlag von Julius Springer.Google Scholar
Röpke, Wilhelm. 1961. Die Lehre von der Wirtschaft. Erlenbach-Zürich: Eugen Rentsch Verlag.Google Scholar
Röpke, Wilhelm. [1937] 1963. Economics of the Free Society. Translated from the 9th German edition, published in Switzerland by Patrick M. Boarman. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.Google Scholar
Sakmann, Paul. [1897] 2012. Bernard de Mandeville und die Bienenfable-Controverse eine Episode in der Geschichte der englische Aufklärung. Freiburg I. B: Leipsic and Tübingen. Reprinted 2012, Milton Keynes: Lightening Source UK Ltd.Google Scholar
Sakmann, Paul. 1910. Voltaires Geistesart und Gedankenwelt. Stuttgart: Frommanns Verlag.Google Scholar
Sakmann, Paul. 1913. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard.Google Scholar
Schatz, Albert. 1902. L’ouvre économique de David Hume. Paris: Linaire Nouvelle de Droit et de Jurisprudence, Arthur Rousseau.Google Scholar
Schatz, Albert. 1903a. De la location de coffres-fort. Paris: Arthur Rousseau.Google Scholar
Schatz, Albert. 1903b. “Bernard de Mandeville. (Contribution á l’étude des origins du libéralisme économique.” Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial-und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 1 (3/4): 434480.Google Scholar
Schatz, Albert. 1907. L’individualisme économique et social: ses origines-son evolution ses formés contemporaines. Paris: Libraire Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Schatz, Albert. 1922. L’enterprise Gouvernementale et son Administration. Preface by Henri Fayol. Paris: Bernard Grasset.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. [1798] 1904. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edited, with a summary and an introduction, notes, marginal summary, and an enlarged index, by Edwin Cannan. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Sombart, Werner. [1903] 1919. Sozialismus undsoziale Bewegung. Jena: Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar
Sowell, Thomas. 2002. A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Spaemann, Robert. 1959. Der Ursprung der Soziologie aus dem Geist de Restauration. Studien über Louise-Gabriel de Bonald. München: Kösel Verlag.Google Scholar
Taine, Hippolyte. [1866] 2012. Histoire de la Littérature Anglaise. Volumes 1–5. Paris: Libraire de la L. Hachette. Gutenberg Ebook, #39328.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1878. Études Économiques Politiuques et Litteraires: IX. Twelfth edition. Edited by Lévy, Calmann. Paris: Ancienne Maison Michel Lévy Frères.Google Scholar
Veblen, Thorstein. 1910. “Review of L’individualisme économique et social: ses origins—son evolution—ses forms contemporaines.” Journal of Political Economy 17 (6): 378379.Google Scholar
Voltaire, François Marie Arouet. [1764] 1878. A Philosophical Dictionary; from the French of M. de Voltaire. Boston, MA: J. P. Mendum.Google Scholar
Wade, Ira O. [1947] 1967. Studies on Voltaire: With Some Unpublished Papers on Mme du Châtelet. New York: Russell and Russell. Originally published by Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wren, Daniel A., Bedelan, Arthur G., and Breeze, John D.. 2002. “The Foundations of Henri Fayol’s Administrative Theory.” Management Decision 40 (9): 906918.Google Scholar