Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T01:27:51.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Quitting Without Reporting Having Tried: Findings From a National Survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2014

Jamie Brown*
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London
Eleni Vangeli
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London
Jennifer A. Fidler
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London
Tobias Raupach
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen
Robert West
Affiliation:
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training, London
*
Address for correspondence: Jamie Brown, Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK E-mail: jamie.brown@ucl.ac.uk

Abstract

Background: It is assumed that smokers rarely quit without ‘attempting’ to do so but the assumption does not appear to have been adequately tested. This study assessed the prevalence of reporting having stopped without reporting a quit attempt and the reasons given for this discrepancy.

Methods: Data were collected from ex-smokers who said they had quit within the last 12 months during nationally representative household surveys conducted monthly between 2006–12.

Results: Of the 1,892 ex-smokers who said that they had quit within the last 12 months, 13.9% (95%CI = 12.4%–15.5%) reported having made no serious quit attempts in that period. In a sub-group of 24 smokers who were asked why they had reported stopping without also reporting an attempt, nine cited inconsistency over timing; three reported stopping without attempting to do so; four did not consider it an ‘attempt’ because they had succeeded; and six had not ruled out the occasional cigarette in the future.

Conclusions: A substantial minority of people who report having stopped in the past year may fail to report a corresponding quit attempt. However, quitting smoking without considering that one has tried appears to be rare. Instead, the most common reason for the discrepancy is inconsistent reporting of the timing of quit attempts.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australian Academic Press Pty Ltd 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berg, C. J., An, L. C., Kirch, M., Guo, H., Thomas, J. L., Patten, C. A., . . . West, R. (2010). Failure to report attempts to quit smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 35 (10), 900904.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borland, R., Partos, T. R., Yong, H.-H., Cummings, K. M., & Hyland, A. (2012). How much unsuccessful quitting activity is going on among adult smokers? Data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country cohort survey. Addiction, 107 (3), 673682. doi: 10.1111/j.1360–0443.2011.03685.x Google Scholar
Chapman, S., & MacKenzie, R. (2010). The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences. PLoS Med, 7 (2), e1000216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Etter, J. F., Prokhorov, A. V., & Perneger, T. V. (2002). Gender differences in the psychological determinants of cigarette smoking. Addiction, 97 (6), 733743.Google Scholar
Etter, J. F., & Sutton, S. (2002). Assessing ‘stage of change’ in current and former smokers. Addiction, 97 (9), 11711182.Google Scholar
Farkas, A. J., Pierce, J. P., Zhu, S. H., Rosbrook, B., Gilpin, E. A., Berry, C., & Kaplan, R. M. (1996). Addiction versus stages of change models in predicting smoking cessation. Addiction, 91 (9), 12711280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fidler, J. A., Shahab, L., West, O., Jarvis, M. J., McEwen, A., Stapleton, J. A., . . . West, R. (2011). ‘The smoking toolkit study’: a national study of smoking and smoking cessation in England. BMC Public Health, 11, 479. doi: 10.1186/1471–2458–11–479 Google Scholar
Fidler, J. A., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2010). Strength of urges to smoke as a measure of severity of cigarette dependence: comparison with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and its components. Addiction, 106, 631638. doi: 10.1111/j.1360–0443.2010.03226.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garvey, A. J., Bliss, R. E., Hitchcock, J. L., Heinold, J. W., & Rosner, B. (1992). Predictors of smoking relapse among self-quitters: A report from the normative aging study. Addictive Behaviors, 17 (4), 367377.Google Scholar
Gilpin, E. A., & Pierce, J. P. (1994). Measuring smoking cessation: Problems with recall in the 1990 California Tobacco Survey. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 3 (7), 613617.Google Scholar
Gilpin, E. A., Pierce, J. P., & Farkas, A. J. (1997). Duration of smoking abstinence and success in quitting. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89 (8), 572576.Google Scholar
Hu, S. C., & Lanese, R. R. (1998). The applicability of the theory of planned behavior to the intention to quit smoking across workplaces in southern Taiwan. Addictive Behaviors, 23 (2), 225237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotz, D., Fidler, J., & West, R. (2009). Factors associated with the use of aids to cessation in English smokers. Addiction, 104 (8), 14031410. doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1360–0443.2009.02639.x Google Scholar
Shiffman, S., Brockwell, S. E., Pillitteri, J. L., & Gitchell, J. G. (2008). Use of smoking-cessation treatments in the United States. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34 (2), 102111. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.033 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiffman, S., Di Marino, M. E., & Sweeney, C. T. (2005). Characteristics of selectors of nicotine replacement therapy. Tobacco Control, 14 (5), 346355. doi: 10.1136/tc.2004.009183 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ussher, M., Beard, E., Abikoye, G., Hajek, P., & West, R. (2013). Urge to smoke over 52 weeks of abstinence. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 226 (1), 8389. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2886-7.Google Scholar
Vangeli, E., Stapleton, J., Smit, E. S., Borland, R., & West, R. (2011). Predictors of attempts to stop smoking and their success in adult general population samples: a systematic review. Addiction, 106 (12), 21102121. doi: 10.1111/j.1360–0443.2011.03565.x Google Scholar
Vangeli, E., Stapleton, J., & West, R. (2010a). Residual attraction to smoking and smoker identity following smoking cessation. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12 (8), 865869. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq104 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vangeli, E., Stapleton, J., & West, R. (2010b). Smoking intentions and mood preceding lapse after completion of treatment to aid smoking cessation. Patient Education and Counseling, 81 (2), 267271. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.024 Google Scholar
Vangeli, E., & West, R. (2012). Transition towards a ‘non-smoker’ identity following smoking cessation: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17 (1), 171184. doi: 10.1111/j.2044–8287.2011.02031.x Google Scholar