During the Republican Period a number of mining districts were exploited in the territory that the Romans annexed. Mines in conquered countries that had belonged to the former rulers became the property of the Roman people, and others were acquired by confiscation or forced purchase from private owners. But the industry was not entirely a State monopoly: on the contrary, a number of mines remained in private hands, more particularly those yielding the base metals—copper, lead and tin—whereas those that yielded the precious metals—gold and silver—were retained by the State. Under the Empire the mines became a special object of bureaucratic concern: as mineral wealth had been the spoil of conquest, so in due course it became the prize of usurpation.

The following inscriptions, published by permission of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem and of Yale University, are all from Jerash, the ancient Gerasa, or the immediate neighbourhood. They range in date from the reign of Domitian to after that of Justinian. The language is almost always Greek; the few examples of Latin are, with one exception, memorials of members of the imperial civil service or the army. I here put the Latin inscriptions first (nos. 1–10); the Greek I have arranged as far as possible in their chronological order, leaving to the end those which I cannot date.

It may save repetition to note that Gerasa employed throughout her known history the Pompeian era, which was reckoned as beginning from about October 1, 63 B.C. (Brünnow, Die Provincia Arabia, iii, 304).

A series of photographs, not retouched, of the details of dated monuments of the Roman Empire. Not an excessive demand for a student of Roman sculpture to make : the kind of apparatus—a good thesaurus—which a student of language would possess in his earliest studies at a university. But although it could be made with a fraction of the labour expended on any thesaurus, nothing like a scientific corpus of details yet exists or is contemplated; and this must serve to justify the publication of that which was begun in leisure some years ago as an elementary aid to private study, incomplete, and without immediate prospect of completion.

As the following notes are primarily concerned with the Roman Army in Asia Minor, and are not epigraphical, though based on epigraphical evidence, it is best to omit epigraphic texts and employ otherwise the space gained. Epigraphic texts will be published elsewhere, or are already published.

It may be assumed that the cohorts concerned are likely to be milliariae, not quingenariae, as they were evidently widely scattered in detachments (numeri or vexilla) over a very large country. A cohort nominally stationed at Iconium or at Ancyra would really be employed in small bodies over many parts of south-eastern or of northern Galatia, and milliariae were needed to cover the large district. They were all equitatae, as the evidence shows.

In the course of an article, contributed to this Journal, entitled ‘A Roman Sarcophagus at Pawlowsk and its Fellows,’ I mentioned a ‘garland-sarcophagus’ in the Campo Santo at Pisa as being probably still earlier than our first definitely dated ‘garland-monument’ of the second century A.D., namely the Lateran sarcophagus from the Hadrianic tomb near the Porta Viminalis. The garland-style of the Pisan sarcophagus I was not then in a position to discuss, having neither seen the original nor been able to procure a photograph of it. I have now done both, and hope that, in view of the comparative scarcity of dated sarcophagi, its value as an approximately dated piece may justify its publication here.