Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:54:24.038Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Unusual ambulacral branching pattern in a new Ordovician giant edrioasteroid, Bizarroglobus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2015

Colin D. Sumrall  and
James Sprinkle
Colin D. Sumrall
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996-1410, USA, 〈csumrall@utk.edu〉
James Sprinkle
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, 1 University Station C1100, Austin, 78712-0254, USA, 〈echino@jsg.utexas.edu〉
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An unusual, new, giant edrioasteroid Bizarroglobus medusae n. gen. n. sp. is described from the Middle Ordovician Kanosh Shale of west-central Utah. This species has a pattern of ambulacral branching with side ambulacra arising alternately from a main ambulacral trunk, previously undocumented in edrioasteroids. This pattern is interpreted as a strategy for allometrically increasing the feeding surface during ontogeny. Bizarroglobus further differs from other isorophid edrioasteroids in the plating of the peripheral rim, and the presence of pores in the interambulacral plates primarily along the edges of the ambulacra.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , March 2015 , pp. 353 - 359
Copyright
Copyright © 2015, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bell, B.M., 1976, A Study of North American Edrioasteroidea: New York State Museum, Memoir 21, 446 p.Google Scholar
Billings, E., 1858, On the Asteriadae of the Lower Silurian rocks of Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, figures and descriptions of Canadian organic remains, Decade 3, p. 75–85.Google Scholar
Brett, C.E., Frest, T.J., Sprinkle, J., and Clement, C.R., 1983, Coronoidea: a new class of blastozoan echinoderms based on taxonomic reevaluation of Stephanocrinus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 627–651.Google Scholar
Foerste, A.F., 1914, Notes on Agelacrinidae and Lepadocystinae, with descriptions of Thresherodiscus and Brockocystis: Denison University Science Laboratory Bulletin, v. 17, p. 399–487.Google Scholar
Glazier, D.S., 2005, Beyond the ‘3/4–power law’: variation in the intra– and interspecific scaling of metabolic rate in animals: Biological Reviews, v. 80, p. 611–663.Google Scholar
Gould, S.J., 1966, Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, v. 41, p. 587–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guensburg, T.E., and Rozhnov, S.V., 2014, A unique edrioasteroid from the upper Middle Cambrian of Iran, its phylogenetic implications and paleoecology: Paleontological Journal, 48(4): pp. 401–406. (English trans. of Russian journal; branched ambs. over periph. rim).Google Scholar
Guensburg, T.E., and Sprinkle, J., 1994, Revised phylogeny and functional interpretation of the Edrioasteroidea based on new taxa from the Early and Middle Ordovician of western Utah: Fieldiana (Geology), n. s. 29, p. 1–43.Google Scholar
Guensburg, T.E., and Sprinkle, J., 2009, Solving the mystery of crinoid ancestry: new fossil evidence of arm origin and development: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, p. 350–364.Google Scholar
Hall, J., 1871, Descriptions of some new species of fossils, from the shales of the Hudson River Group, in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio: New York State Museum, 24th Annual Report (advanced publication), 8 p.Google Scholar
Hintze, L., 1973, Lower and Middle Ordovician stratigraphic sections in the Ibex area, Millard County, Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 20, p. 3–36.Google Scholar
Klingenberg, C.P., 1998, Heterochrony and allometry, the analysis of evolutionary change in ontogeny: Biological Reviews, v. 73, p. 79–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, R.D., Sprinkle, J., Bailey, J.B., Moffitt, J., and Parsley, R.L., 1987, Mandalacystis, a new rhipidocystid eocrinoid from the Whiterockian Stage (Ordovician) in Oklahoma and Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 1222–1235.Google Scholar
McKinney, M.L., and Sumrall, C.D., 2011, Ambulacral growth allometry in edrioasteroids: functional surface-volume change in ontogeny and phylogeny: Lethaia, v. 44, p. 102–108.Google Scholar
Parsley, R.L., 1982, Eumorphocystis, in Sprinkle, J., ed., Echinoderm Faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1, p. 280–288.Google Scholar
Smith, A.B., 1983, British Carboniferous Edrioasteroidea (Echinodermata): Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), v. 37, p. 111–138.Google Scholar
Smith, A.B., 1985, Cambrian eleutherozoan echinoderms and the early diversification of edrioasteroids: Palaeontology, v. 28, p. 715–756.Google Scholar
Smith, A.B., and Jell, P.A., 1990, Cambrian edrioasteroids from Australia and the origin of starfishes: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 28, p. 715–778.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., 1973, Morphology and Evolution of Blastozoan Echinoderms: Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication, 283 p.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., 1975, The “arms” of Caryocrinites, a rhombiferan cystoid convergent on crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, p. 1062–1073.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., and Collins, D., 2006, New eocrinoids from the Burgess Shale, southern British Columbia, Canada, and the Spence Shale, northern Utah, USA: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, p. 303–322.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T.E., 1997, Appendix D4. Echinoderm biostratigraphy, in Ross, R.J. Jr., Hintze, L.F., Ethington, R.L., Miller, J.F., Taylor, M.E., and Repetski, J.E., eds., The Ibexian, lowermost series in the North American Ordovician: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1579-A, p. 49–50, pl. 1, chart C.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., 1993, Thecal designs in isorophinid edrioasteroids: Lethaia, v. 26, p. 289–302.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., 1996, Late Paleozoic edrioasteroids (Echinodermata) from the North American midcontinent: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 969–985.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., 1997, The role of fossils in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Echinodermata, in Waters, J.A., and Maples, C.G., eds., Geobiology of Echinoderms: Paleontological Society Papers, v. 3, p. 267–288.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., 2001, Paleoecology and taphonomy of two new edrioasteroids from a Mississippian hardground in Kentucky: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 136–146.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., and Bowsher, A.L., 1996, Giganticlavus, a new genus of Pennsylvanian edrioasteroid from North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 986–993.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., and Gahn, F.J., 2006, Morphological and systematic reinterpretation of two enigmatic edrioasteroids (Echinodermata) from Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 43, p. 497–507.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., and Parsley, R.L., 2003, Morphology and biomechanical implications of isolated discocystinid plates (Edrioasteroidea, Echinodermata) from the Carboniferous of North America: Palaeontology, v. 46, p. 113–138.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., and Wray, G.A., 2007, Ontogeny in the fossil record, diversification of body plans and the evolution of “aberrant” symmetry in Paleozoic echinoderms: Paleobiology, v. 33, p. 149–163.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., and Zamora, S., 2011, Ordovician edrioasteroids from Morocco: faunal exchanges across the Rheic Ocean: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, v. 9, p. 425–454.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C. D., and Zamora, S., In press. New data on edrioasteroids from the Upper Ordovician of the Anti-Atlas (Morocco), in Hunter, A., (ed.), The Upper Ordovician echinoderm fauna from the Anti-Atlas mountains of Morocco: Special Papers in Palaeontology.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., Brett, C.E., and Cornell, S., 2006a, The systematics and ontogeny of Pyrgopostibulla belli, a new edrioasteroid (Echinodermata) from the Lower Devonian of New York: Journal of Paleontology, v. 80, p. 187–192.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., Sprinkle, J., and Bonem, R.M., 2006b, An edrioasteroid-dominated echinoderm assemblage from a Lower Pennsylvanian marine conglomerate in Oklahoma: Journal of Paleontology, v. 80, p. 229–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumrall, C.D., Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T.E., 1997, Systematics and paleoecology of Late Cambrian echinoderms from the western United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 1091–1109.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G., 1978, Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(1): Boulder and Lawrence, Geological Society of America, University of Kansas, p. T58–T216.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.A., Palmer, T.J., Guensburg, T.E., Finton, C.D., and Kaufman, L.E., 1992, The development of an Early Ordovician community in response to rapid sea-floor calcite precipitation: Lethaia, v. 25, p. 19–34.Google Scholar
Zamora, S., Sumrall, C.D., and Vizcaïno, D., 2013, Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid (echinoderm) Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 58, p. 545–559.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y., Sumrall, C.D., Parsley, R.L., and Peng, J., 2010, Kailidiscus, a new plesiomorphic edrioasteroid from the basal Middle Cambrian Kaili biota of Guizhou Province, China: Journal of Paleontology, v. 84, p. 668–680.Google Scholar