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A Comprehensive Analysis of Ionospheric Anomalies before the Mw7·1 Van Earthquake on 23 October 2011

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2018

Erman Şentürk Open the ORCID record for Erman Şentürk [Opens in a new window] ,
Hamdullah Livaoğlu  and
Murat Selim Çepni
Erman Şentürk*
Affiliation:
(Department of Surveying Engineering, Kocaeli University, Turkey)
Hamdullah Livaoğlu
Affiliation:
(Department of Geophysical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Turkey)
Murat Selim Çepni
Affiliation:
(Department of Surveying Engineering, Kocaeli University, Turkey)
*
(E-mail: erman.senturk@kocaeli.edu.tr)
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Abstract

In this study, possible ionospheric precursors of the Mw7·1 Van earthquake are investigated with temporal, spatial and spectral analyses. For this purpose, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data of 11 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and 17 Turkish National Permanent Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Network (TNPGN-Active) stations were utilised. In addition, Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) data produced by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) was used to obtain GIM-vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) values for the epicentre. The results of the temporal and spectral analysis indicate an increase (2–8 Total Electron Content Units (TECU)) before the Van earthquake occurred on 9 October, 15–16 October and 21–23 October within 15 days, 8–9 days and 1–3 days prior to the earthquake. The Cross-Wavelet Transform (CWT) method was used to examine the presence of correlation between noticeable variations and space-weather. It is deduced from the CWT analysis that the anomalies should originate from either solar effects or the Van earthquake due to coupling between the F10·7 solar activity index and TEC variations on the anomaly days. The results demonstrate that interdisciplinary approaches and various methods including frequency domain could be used to determine the presence of an earthquake-related anomaly in the ionosphere accurately.

Keywords

Cross-wavelet transformsRegional ionosphere mapShort-time Fourier transformTotal electron contentVan earthquake
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , May 2019 , pp. 702 - 720
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2018 

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