Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T18:01:03.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mozambique: a Delicate Peace

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Chris Alden  and
Mark Simpson
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The pace of conflict-resolution in the Third World has been nothing short of astounding since 1990. A whole array of low-intensity wars have been terminated. Some, such as in Nicaragua and El Salvador, had occupied pride of place in the reinvigorated test of wills between Moscow and Washington during the 1980s. Others, as in Kampuchea, were fuelled by the parallel rivalry between Moscow and Beijing, which both fed off and had an impact on the key dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union. A few, such as the ‘bush war’ in Namibia and the fighting in the Western Sahara, never became serious testing-grounds for the superpowers.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , March 1993 , pp. 109 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Weitz, Richard, ‘Continuities in Soviet Foreign Policy: the case of Mozambique’, in Comparative Strategy (New York), 11, 1, 01—03 1992, p. 85.Google Scholar

2 See Davies, Rob and O'Meara, Dan, ‘Total Strategy in Southern Africa: an analysis of South African regional policy since 1978’, in Journal of Southern African Studies (Oxford), 11, 2, 04 1985, pp. 183–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3 Hanlon, Joseph, Mozambique: revolution under fire (London, 1984), pp. 226–7.Google Scholar

4 See Erasmus, Gerhard, ‘The Accord of Nkomati: context and content’, South Africa Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, October 1984.Google Scholar

5 For an overview of the concepts of ‘total onslaught’ and ‘total strategy’, see Davies and O'Meara, loc. cit. For an account of the development of Rhodesian support, as well as the later rôle of the South African military, see Flowers, Ken, Serving Secretly: Rhodesia's CIO chief on record (Johannesburg, 1987).Google Scholar

6 The South African Defence Force (S.A.D.F.) continued to provide logistical support for Renamo despite provisions against such action in the Nkomati accord of 1984. Although all official assistance for the rebels was curtailed after the Songo meeting between Presidents Botha and Chissano in 1988, reports continued to filter through that dissident elements within the S.A.D.F. were still providing limited help for Renamo.Google Scholar See, for example, the Weekly Mail (Johannesburg), 9 03 1990.Google Scholar

7 The New York Times and The Times (London), 2507 1987.Google Scholar

8 Gersony, Robert, Summary of Mozambican Refugee Accounts of Principally Conflict-Related Experience in Mozambique (Washington, DC, 1988), Bureau for Refugee Affairs, U.S. Department of State.Google Scholar

9 Hall, Margaret, The Mozambique National Resistance and the Reestablishment of Peace in Mozambique (Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, London, 1991), p. 5.Google Scholar

10 In addition, with the exception of those in Renamo's office in Washington, the foreign representatives of the rebels had, by and large, been of European (ex-Mozambican Portuguese) or ‘mestiço’ origin, thereby giving additional credence to the impression that the organisation served the interests of foreigners rather than the Mozambican masses.Google Scholar

11 Weitz, loc. cit. p. 92.

12 The Herald (Harare), 28 02 1989.Google Scholar

13 Economist Intelligence Unit, Mozambique Country Profile, 1991–1992 (London, 1992), p. 35.Google Scholar

14 Financial Times (London), 15 01 1991.Google Scholar

15 Bowen, Merle L., ‘Economic Crisis in Mozambique’, in Current History (London), 05 1990, pp. 226–8.Google Scholar

16 Hanlon, Joseph, Mozambique: who calls the shots (London, Bloomington, and Indianapolis, 1991), pp. 60–5.Google Scholar

17 Machungo, P., ‘Mozambique: looking in new directions’, in New Era (Cape Town), 10 1989, p. 27,Google Scholar and Mozambiquefile (Maputo), 12 1990, pp. 7–8.Google Scholar

18 Mozambiquefile, December 1990, pp. 4–6.

19 Weekly Mail, 13–19 September 1991.

20 Africa Confidential (London), 32, 6, 22 03 1991, p. 1.Google Scholar

21 On the Naprama movement, see ibid. 32, 18, 13 September 1991, p. 5 and 32, 23, 22 September 1991, p. 6.

22 See Geffray, Christian, La Cause des armes au Mozambique: anthropologie d'une guerre civile (Paris, 1990).Google Scholar

23 Hanlon, , Mozambique: revolution under fire, pp. 96–131.Google Scholar

24 Young, Tom, ‘The MNR/Renamo: external and internal dynamics’, in African Affairs (London), 89, 357, 10 1990, pp. 506–7.Google Scholar

25 See the contributions by both Mozambican and foreign academics in ‘Mozambique: guerre et nationalismes’, in the special issue of Politique africaine (Paris), 29, 03 1988.Google Scholar

26 Vines, Alex, Renamo: terrorism in Mozambique (London, Bloomington, and Indianapolis, 1991), pp. 32–53.Google Scholar

27 Ibid. pp. 84–5.

28 Hall, op. cit. p. 17.

29 In an opinion poll conducted in October 1992 in Maputo, 59 per cent of those interviewed said they would vote for Frelimo in the coming elections, and only 0·9 per cent for Renamo. See Mediafax (Maputo), 102, 1992.Google Scholar

30 ‘Peasants Discuss Land Rights and the Draft Constitution’, in News Review (Mozambique Information Office, Maputo), 181, 28 June 1990.Google Scholar

31 Economist Intelligence Unit, Mozambique Country Report (London), 3, 1991, p. 32.Google Scholar

32 Ibid. 4, 1991, pp. 33–4.