^{Page 143 note 1} The Jerusalem Post, 22 June 1987,Google Scholar quoted by Hunter, Jane, ‘Shamir Meets Moi: says democracy unsuitable for Africa’, in Israeli Foreign Affairs (Jerusalem), III, 8, 08 1987, p. 2.Google Scholar

^{Page 143 note 2} Black, Ian, ‘Israel Reviews Pretoria Links’, in The Guardian (London), 19 01 1987.Google Scholar These rather cosmetic reviews and measures have been almost impossible to verify, but according to Hunter, Jane, ‘Israel to Sign New Agreement with South Africa’, in Israeli Foreign Affairs, IV, 7, 07 1988, pp. 1 and 5, the two Governments held secret meetings on future commercial ties during mid-1988.Google Scholar

^{Page 143 note 3} ‘Phone Threats’, in The Guardian, 24 March 1987, p. 12;Google Scholar and Hunter, Jane, ‘Israel's New Sanctions - For Real?’, in Israeli Foreign Affairs, III, 10, 10 1987, p. 3.Google Scholar

^{Page 144 note 1} Hellog, Jocelyn, ‘South African Judaism: and expression of conservative traditionalism’, in Judaism (New York), 35, 2, 04 1986, p. 236.Google ScholarIn 1982, according to the South African Government's Central Statistical Services, there were 125,000 Jews, including 5,180 Blacks, 560 Coloureds, and 40 Asians. But the reliability of these figures is uncertain because the South African Zionist Federation makes no mention or recognition of ‘non-white’ members of the Jewish faith in South Africa.Google Scholar

^{Page 144 note 2} Arkin, Marcus, ‘The Jewish Impact on Economic Progress’, in Jewish Affairs (Johannesburg), 15, 5, 1960, pp. 22–6.Google Scholar

^{Page 144 note 3} The Jerusalem Post, 26 August 1987, quoted by Hunter, ‘Israel's New Sanctions’, loc. cit.

^{Page 145 note 1} Hermann, L., A History of the Jews in South Africa from Earliest Times to 1895 (Johannesburg, 1935), pp. 118–19.Google Scholar

^{Page 145 note 2} Rosenthal, Eric, ‘Jews in South African Trade and Commerce’, in Stevens, R. S., (ed.), Israel and South Africa: Progression of a relationship (New York, 1976), p. 84.Google Scholar

^{Page 145 note 3} ibid.

^{Page 145 note 4} Rochlin, S. A., ‘Johannesburg Jewry in the First Years’, in Jewish Affairs, 11, 11, 1956, pp. 10–13.Google Scholar

^{Page 145 note 5} Horowitz, Ralph, The Political Economy of South Africa (London, 1967), p. 485, f. 32.Google Scholar

^{Page 145 note 6} Arkin, Marcus, South African Jewry (Cape Town, 1984), pp. 58–9.Google Scholar

^{Page 145 note 7} ibid.

^{Page 146 note 1} Arkin, Marcus, ‘The Jewish Share in South African Economic Development’, in South African Journal of Economics (Johannesburg), 24, 2, 06 1956, pp. 135–43.Google Scholar

^{Page 146 note 2} Arkin, Antony, ‘The Contributions of Indians to the South African Economy, 1869–1970’, Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Durban-Westville, Report No. 14, 1981.Google Scholar

^{Page 146 note 3} Arkin, loc. cit. 1956, p. 143.

^{Page 146 note 4} Horowitz, op. cit. p. 281.

^{Page 146 note 5} Arkin, op. cit. 1984, p. 59.

^{Page 146 note 6} Cf. the thesis advanced by the Nobel Prize winner, Kuznets, Simon, ‘Economic Structure and Life of the Jews’, in Finkelstein, L., (ed.), The Jews: their history, culture and religion, Vol. 11 (New York, 1960), pp. 1,597–1,666, that these minorities tended to be concentrated in specific sectors, and that Jews were almost always to be found in upper-occupational levels.Google Scholar

^{Page 146 note 7} Carter, Gwendolen M., The Politics of Inequality: South Africa since 1984 (London, 1958), p. 258.Google Scholar

^{Page 147 note 1} South Africa Central Statistical Services, Population Reports, 1970 and 1986 (Johannesburg).Google Scholar

^{Page 147 note 2} Arkin, op. cit. 1984, p. 65.

^{Page 147 note 3} Rabinowitz, Louis, ‘How South African Jewry Helped to Build Israel’, in Jewish Board of Deputies, South African Jewry, 1976–1977 (Johannesburg, 1978), p. 480.Google Scholar

^{Page 148 note 1} South African Central Statistical Services, Education Reports, 1970 and 1986 (Johannesburg).Google Scholar

^{Page 148 note 2} South African Central Statistical Services, Labour Reports, 1970 and 1986 (Johannesburg).Google Scholar

^{Page 148 note 3} Rabinowitz, loc. cit., p. 487.

^{Page 149 note 1} ‘For Love and Money’, in Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 11 05 1984, p. 41 of the supplement on Israel;Google Scholar also Bank of Israel Report, 1986 (Tel Aviv, 1987).Google Scholar

^{Page 149 note 2} George, Alan, ‘Israeli Group Laundering Steel Imports from South Africa’, in The Guardian, 25 August 1987, p. 6.Google Scholar

^{Page 149 note 3} Hunter, Jane, ‘Call in Israel to Stop Arming South Africa: Jewish Group to vote on Resolution’, in Israeli Foreign Affairs, 3, 9, 09 1987, p. 3.Google Scholar See ibid. 3, 12, December 1987, p. 8, for a reference to the appointment of Mendel Kaplan, a South African Jew as director of the Israel Jewish Agency, despite allegations that he and his family had been involved in breaking sanctions on South African steel-and-wire products via these Swiss holding companies.

^{Page 150 note 1} Brunner, Alex, ‘Israel Stresses Good Faith on South African Sanctions’, in The Guardian, 3 April 1987, p. 6.Google Scholar

^{Page 150 note 2} Hunter, loc. cit. September 1987, p. 5.

^{Page 150 note 3} ibid. pp. 3 and 5.

^{Page 150 note 4} ‘Building Projects of the West Bank’, in Ma'Ariv (Tel Aviv), 19 07 1987, p. 5, in Hebrew.Google Scholar

^{Page 150 note 5} Chazan, Naomi, ‘Israeli Perspectives on the Israeli-South African Relationship’, Institute of Jewish Affairs, London, Research Report No. 9, 12 1987, p. 17.Google Scholar

^{Page 151 note 1} Hunter, Jane, ‘Israel and the Bantustans’, in Journal of Palestine Studies (Washington, D.C.), 15, 3 Spring 1986;Google Scholar also ‘Israel's Scandals in Bophuthatswana’, in Africa Confidential (London), 24 06 1987.Google Scholar

^{Page 151 note 2} Chazan, op. cit. 1987, p. 18.

^{Page 151 note 3} Isacowitz, Roy, ‘Israelis Linked to Ciskei Corruption’, in The Jerusalem Post, 31 July 1985.Google Scholar

^{Page 151 note 4} Allon, Gidon, ‘Will South African Jews Come to Israel?’, in Ha'Aretz (Tel Aviv), 12 03 1986;Google Scholar and Amiel, Nili, ‘Johannesburg: changing one diaspora for another’, in Ma'Ariv 10 1986, both in Hebrew.Google Scholar

^{Page 151 note 5} Chazan, op. cit. 1987, p. 27; and Blitzer, Wolf, ‘Between Black and White’, in The Jerusalem Post, International Edition, 31 December 1988, p. 11.Google Scholar

^{Page 152 note 1} Klieman, Aharon, Statecraft in the Dark: Israel's Practice of quiet diplomacy (Boulder, 1988), p. 80.Google Scholar

^{Page 152 note 2} The South Africa Zionist Federation's office in Tel Aviv acted as the unofficial voice of the Government in Pretoria until the latter established official consular representations in Israel.