Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-lvwk9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-28T00:40:58.134Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phase evolution in Ni–Nb multilayers upon solid-state reaction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

G. W. Yang ,
C. Lin  and
B. X. Liu
G. W. Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
C. Lin
Affiliation:
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
B. X. Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: dmalbx@tsinghua.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Solid-state amorphization was achieved in the Ni48Nb52 multilayers upon thermal annealing by gradually raising the temperature from 250 to 400 °C and staying at 400 °C for 2 h. More interestingly, before complete amorphization, a sequential disordering of first Ni and then Nb crystalline lattices was observed for the first time, and it was essentially the physical origin of an asymmetric growth of the amorphous interlayer during solid-state reaction reported previously in some binary metal systems. In another two multilayered samples with overall compositions of Ni64Nb36 and Ni70Nb30, thermal annealing under similar conditions resulted in the formation of two metastable crystalline phases with face-centered-cubic and hexagonal-close-packed structures, respectively, although an amorphous phase also appeared and coexisted with one of the metastable crystalline phases in the intermediate states. In the ion mixing experiment, such sequential disordering, as well as formation of metastable phases, was also observed in the respective Ni–Nb multilayers upon room-temperature 200-keV xenon ion irradiation. Comparatively, however, ion irradiation eventually induced complete amorphization in all the multilayers at the respective doses, indicating that ion-induced disordering frequently predominated in the competition between amorphization and the growth of a metastable crystalline phase. A Gibbs free energy diagram, including the free energy curves of the newly formed metastable crystalline phases, of the Ni–Nb system was calculated based on Miedema's model. The constructed free energy diagram can give reasonable explanations of the sequential disordering and the thermodynamic possibility of the formation of either an amorphous or a metastable crystalline phase, of which the free energy difference was quite small. It follows naturally that the phase selection, namely, which phase was more favored to be formed eventually than its competitors, was influenced or even determined by the kinetics involved in the respective processes.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 14 , Issue 7 , July 1999 , pp. 3027 - 3036
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Johnson, W.L., Prog. Mater. Sci. 30, 81 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Blatter, A. and Von Allmen, M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2103 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Krebs, H.U., Webb, D.J., and Marshall, A.F., Phys. Rev. B 35, 5393 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Schwarz, R.B. and Johnson, W.L., Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 415 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Samwer, K., Fecht, H.J., and Johnson, W.L., in Topics in Applied Physics: Amorphization in Metallic Systems, edited by Guntherodt, B. (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1994), Vol. 72, p. 26.Google Scholar
6.Ma, E., Niel, C.W., Nicolet, M.A., and Johnson, W.L., J. Mater. Res. 4, 1299 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Ding, J.R., Che, D.Z., Zhang, H.B., Tao, K., and Liu, B.X., Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 944 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Zhang, Z.J. and Liu, B.X., J. Appl. Phys. 76, 3315 (1994).Google Scholar
9.Schroder, H., Samwer, K., and Koster, U., Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 197 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Meng, W.J., Nieh, C.W., and Johnson, W.L., Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 1693 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Zhang, Q., Lai, W.S., and Liu, B.X., Phys. Rev. B 58, 14020 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Zhang, Z.J., Bai, H.Y., Qiu, Q.L., Yang, T., Tao, K., and Liu, B.X., J. Appl. Phys. 73, 1702 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Alonso, J.A. and Simozar, S., Solid State Commun. 46, 765 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Miedema, A.R., de Boer, F.R., and de Boer, P.F., J. Phys. F3, 1588 (1983).Google Scholar
15.Gallego, L.J., Somozar, J.A., Alonso, J.A., and Lopez, J.M., Physica B 154, 82 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Blatter, A., Gfeller, J., and Allmen, M.V., J. Less-Common. Met. 140, 317 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Liu, B.X. and Zhang, Z.J., Phys. Rev. B 49, 12519 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Zhang, Z.J., Jin, O., and Liu, B.X., Phys. Rev. B 51, 8067 (1995).Google Scholar
19.Zhang, Z.J. and Liu, B.X., Phys. Rev. B 51, 16475 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Zhang, Z.J. and Liu, B.X., J. Appl. Phys. 73, 3315 (1994).Google Scholar
21.Lopez, M., Alonso, J.A., and Gallego, L.J., Phys. Rev. B 36, 3716 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Weeber, A.W., J. Phys. E 17, 809 (1987).Google Scholar
23.Niessen, A.K., Miedema, A.R., de Boer, F.R., and Boom, R., Physica B 151, 401 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.de Boer, F.R., Boom, R., Matter, W.C., Miedema, A.R., and Niessen, A.K., Cohesion in Metals: Transition Metal Alloys (Northland, Amsterdam, 1988).Google Scholar
25.Zhang, Q., Lai, W.S., and Liu, B.X. (unpublished).Google Scholar
26.Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics (Wiley, New York, 1966).Google Scholar