Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T12:00:39.474Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New evidence for the formation and growth mechanism of the intermetallic phase formed at the Al/Fe interface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2013

Kai Zhang ,
Xiufang Bian ,
Yumin Li ,
Yang Liu  and
Chuncheng Yang
Kai Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
Xiufang Bian*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
Yumin Li
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
Yang Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
Chuncheng Yang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: xfbian@sdu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

To clarify the underlying mechanism of formation and growth of aluminum coating, the interface microstructures of as-prepared aluminum coating iron were investigated using various experimental methods. The liquid Al–Si, Al–Ge alloys were chosen as the dipping baths. In both cases, the total thickness of the reaction layer is controlled mainly by the well-known diffusion growth of η-Al5Fe2. The melt environment of the Al bath plays a decisive role in the formation and growth of the diffusion layer. The results show that Ge atoms could also decelerate reaction layer growth like Si atoms, which mainly restrain the diffusion of Al atoms. Meanwhile, Ge element represents an abnormal concentration gradient in the η-Al5Fe2 phase. The diverse growth behavior of the diffusion layer is attributed to the strong controlling role of the alloying element in Al baths based on the atomic diffusion and activity analysis.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 23 , 14 December 2013 , pp. 3279 - 3287
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Szczepaniak, A., Fan, J.F., Kostka, A., and Raabe, D.: On the correlation between thermal cycle and formation of intermetallic phases at the interface of laser-welded aluminum-steel overlap joints. Adv. Eng. Mater. 14, 464–472 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, N., Mara, N.A., Wang, J., Dickerson, P., Huang, J.Y., and Misra, A.: Ex situ and in situ measurements of the shear strength of interfaces in metallic multilayers. Scr. Mater. 67, 479–482 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, D.G., Wang, Q., Liu, T., Li, G.J., and He, J.C.: Growth of diffusion layers at liquid Al–solid Cu interface under uniform and gradient high magnetic field conditions. Mater. Chem. Phys. 117, 504–510 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savitskii, A.P.: Diffusion interaction between two metals, one of which is in liquid state. Mater. Sci. Forum 575–578, 1477–1482 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coelho, R.S., Kostka, A., dos Santos, J.F., and Kaysser-Pyzalla, A.: Friction-stir dissimilar welding of aluminium alloy to high strength steels: Mechanical properties and their relation to microstructure. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 556, 175–183 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, H., Kostka, A., dos Santos, J.F., and Raabe, D.: Influence of intermetallic phases and Kirkendall-porosity on the mechanical properties of joints between steel and aluminium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 4630–4642 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouche, K., Barbier, F., and Coulet, A.: Intermetallic compound layer growth between solid iron and molten aluminium. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 249, 167–175 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shahverdi, H.R., Ghomashchi, M.R., Shabestari, S., and Hejazi, J.: Microstructural analysis of interfacial reaction between molten aluminium and solid iron. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 124, 345–352 (2002).Google Scholar
Bouayad, A., Gerometta, C., Belkebir, A., and Ambari, A.: Kinetic interactions between solid iron and molten aluminium. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 363, 53–61 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, S. and Yakou, T.: Control of intermetallic compound layers at interface between steel and aluminum by diffusion-treatment. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 338, 44–53 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggeler, G., Auer, W., and Kaesche, H.: On the influence of silicon on the growth of the alloy layer during hot dip aluminizing. J. Mater. Sci. 21, 3348–3350 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, J., Liu, Y.B., Zhang, M.Z., and Yang, B.: Effect of Si on the interfacial bonding strength of Al-Pb alloy strips and hot-dip aluminized steel sheets by hot rolling. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 120, 30–36 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, H., Kostka, A., Payton, E.J., Raabe, D., Kaysser-Pyzalla, A., and Eggeler, G.: On the formation and growth of intermetallic phases during interdiffusion between low-carbon steel and aluminum alloys. Acta Mater. 59, 1586–1600 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, H.: Fundamental research into the role of intermetallic phases in joining of aluminium alloys to steel. Ph. D. Thesis, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 2011.Google Scholar
Nicholls, J.E.: Hot-dipped aluminium coatings. Corr. Technol. 11, 16–21 (1964).Google Scholar
Akdeniz, M.V., Mekhrabov, A.O., and Yilmaz, T.: The role of Si addition on the interfacial interaction in Fe-Al diffusion layer. Scr. Metall. Mater. 31, 1723–1728 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akdeniz, M.V. and Mekhrabov, A.O.: The effect of substitutional impurities on the evolution of Fe-Al diffusion layer. Acta Mater. 46, 1185–1192 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Z.Q., Liu, W.Q., Liao, Z.Q., Ringer, S.P., and Sha, G.: Solute clustering and solute nanostructures in an Al–3.5Cu–0.4Mg–0.2Ge alloy. Acta Mater. 61, 3724–3734 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shahverdi, H.R., Ghomashchi, M.R., Shabestari, S., and Hejazi, J.: Kinetics of interfacial reaction between solid iron and molten aluminium. J. Mater. Sci. 37, 1061–1066 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nazari, K.A. and Shabestari, S.G.: Effect of micro alloying elements on the interfacial reactions between molten aluminum alloy and tool steel. J. Alloys Compd. 478, 523–530 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacome, L.A.: Influence of alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel-aluminium-joints produced by metal arc joining with special focus on the intermetallic phase seam. Ph. D. Thesis, Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 2008.Google Scholar
Song, J.L., Lin, S.B., Yang, C.L., and Fan, C.L.: Effects of Si additions on intermetallic compound layer of aluminum–steel TIG welding–brazing joint. J. Alloys Compd. 488, 217–222 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, P.D.: Thermodynamic properties of selected binary aluminum alloy systems. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 16, 109–124 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurakin, A.K.: Mechanism of the influence of silicon on the processes of the reaction diffusion of iron in aluminum. Phys. Met. Metall. 30, 108 (1970).Google Scholar
Cheng, W.J. and Wang, C.J.: Effect of silicon on the formation of intermetallic phases in aluminide coating on mild steel. Intermetallics 19, 1455–1460 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Y., Schuster, J.C., Liu, Z.K., Hu, R., Nash, P., and Sun, W.: A thermodynamic description of the Al–Fe–Si system over the whole composition and temperature ranges via a hybrid approach of CALPHAD and key experiments. Intermetallics 16, 554–570 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marker, M.C.J., Skolyszewska-Kühberger, B., Effenberger, H.S., Schmetterer, C., and Richter, K.W.: Phase equilibria and structural investigations in the system Al–Fe–Si. Intermetallics 19, 1919–1929 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burkhardt, U., Grin, Y., Ellner, M., and Peters, K.: Structure refinement of the iron-aluminium phase with the approximate composition Fe2Al5 . Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 50, 313–316 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahadur, A. and Mohanty, O.N.: Structural studies of hot dip aluminized coatings on mild steel. Mater. Trans., JIM 32, 1053–1061 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirata, A., Mori, Y., Ishimaru, M., and Koyama, Y.: Role of the triclinic Al2Fe structure in the formation of the Al5Fe2-approximant. Philos. Mag. Lett. 88, 491–500 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naoi, D. and Kajihara, M.: Growth behavior of Fe2Al5 during reactive diffusion between Fe and Al at solid-state temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 459, 375–382 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, Y. and Kajihara, M.: Morphology of compounds formed by isothermal reactive diffusion between solid Fe and liquid Al. Mater. Trans., JIM 50, 2212–2220 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kajihara, M.: Analysis of kinetics of reactive diffusion in a hypothetical binary system. Acta Mater. 52, 1193–1200 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kajihara, M.: Quantitative evaluation of interdiffusion in Fe2Al5 during reactive diffusion in the binary Fe-Al system. Mater. Trans., JIM 47, 1480–1484 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portavoce, A. and Treglia, G.: Physical origin of thickness-controlled sequential phase formation during reactive diffusion: Atomistic modeling. Phys. Rev. B 82, 205431 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, H.L., Wang, Z.B., and Lu, K.: Enhanced reactive diffusion of Zn in a nanostructured Fe produced by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment. Acta Mater. 60, 1762–1770 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhe, M., Dezellus, O., Gardiola, B., Braccini, M., and Viala, J.C.: Chemical changes at the interface between low carbon steel and an Al-Si alloy during solution heat treatment. J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 32, 486–497 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar