Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T16:23:39.827Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of heating/cooling rate on the phase transformations and thermal expansion coefficient of C–Mn as-cast steel at elevated temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2015

Zhang Jian Open the ORCID record for Zhang Jian [Opens in a new window] ,
Chen Deng-Fu ,
Zhang Cheng-Qian ,
Hwang Weng-Sing  and
Han Ming-Rong
Zhang Jian*
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Chen Deng-Fu
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Zhang Cheng-Qian
Affiliation:
School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Hwang Weng-Sing
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Han Ming-Rong
Affiliation:
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 400030, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: xiaojian529@gmail.com
Get access

Abstract

Dilatometric studies of C–Mn hypoeutectoid steel with an as-cast structure were carried out to study the effects of the heating or cooling rate, heating and cooling process on phase transformation, and the thermal expansion coefficient. As the heating or cooling rate (Vc) increased, the characteristic temperatures of Ac1, Acp, and Ac3 also rose, while Ar3, Ar1, and Arp fell. In addition, the phase transformation temperature range (Ac3–Ac1) rose, while (Ar3–Arp) fell as the heating or cooling rate increased. At the same time, the maximum thermal expansion coefficients│αT│ between the heating and cooling processes during phase transformation showed significant differences, and the difference (│ΔαT│) in the maximum │αT│ between these processes increased along with the heating or cooling rate, and this is because of the different phase transformation rates, with regard to the change from austenite to ferrite on cooling and ferrite to austenite on heating. During the heating process, the phase transformation rate of ferrite to austenite first decreases and then increases as the temperature rises, and the phase transformation rate of austenite to ferrite first increases and then decreases during the cooling process. The evolution of carbon and substitutional alloying elements (Si and Mn) in austenite during heating and cooling is also analyzed in this work.

Keywords

steelphase transformationthermal historythermal expansion coefficient
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 13 , 14 July 2015 , pp. 2081 - 2089
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Barber, B., Patrick, B., Sha, H., Spitzer, K.H., York, R., Scholz, R., Jeschar, R., and Kraushaar, H.: Determination of Strand Surface Temperatures in Continuous Casting; Contract No.: 7210-CA/164/832; European Communities: Printed in Luxembourg, 1998.Google Scholar
Allazadeh, M. and Garcia, C.: FEM technique to study residual stresses developed in continuously cast steel during solid-solid phase transformation. Ironmaking Steelmaking 38(8), 566 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, H.G., Nishimura, S., and Yamaguchi, S.: Characteristics of hot ductility in steels subjected to the melting and solidification. Trans. ISIJ 22(1), 48 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, H.G., Nishimura, S., Imamura, J., and Nakamura, Y.: Embrittlement of steels occurring in the temperature range from 1000 to 600. DEG. C. Trans. ISIJ 24(3), 169 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, J.D., Spittle, J.A., Brown, S.G.R., and Evans, R.W.: A review of measurement techniques for the thermal expansion coefficient of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures. Meas. Sci. Technol. 12(3), R1 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.J., Clarke, K.D., and Van Tyne, C.J.: An on-heating dilation conversional model for austenite formation in hypoeutectoid steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41(9), 2224 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Andres, C.G., Caballero, F.G., Capdevila, C., and Alvarez, L.F.: Application of dilatometric analysis to the study of solid–solid phase transformations in steels. Mater. Charact. 48(1), 101 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suh, D.W., Oh, C.S., Han, H.N., and Kim, S.J.: Dilatometric analysis of austenite decomposition considering the effect of non-isotropic volume change. Acta Mater. 55(8), 2659 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
San Martín, D., Rivera Díaz del Castillo, P.E.J., and de Andrés, C.G.: In situ study of austenite formation by dilatometry in a low carbon microalloyed steel. Scr. Mater. 58(10), 926 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kop, T.A., Sietsma, J., and Van Der Zwaag, S.: Dilatometric analysis of phase transformations in hypo-eutectoid steels. J. Mater. Sci. 36(2), 519 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S.: Model for estimation of transformation kinetics from the dilatation data during a cooling of hypoeutectoid steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 363(1), 72 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, J.Y., Park, S.J., Suh, D.W., and Han, H.N.: Estimation of phase fraction in dual phase steel using microscopic characterizations and dilatometric analysis. Mater. Charact. 84, 205 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caballero, F.G., Capdevila, C., and De Andres, C.G.: Modelling of kinetics and dilatometric behaviour of austenite formation in a low-carbon steel with a ferrite plus pearlite initial microstructure. J. Mater. Sci. 37(16), 3533 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tszeng, T.C. and Shi, G.A.: A global optimization technique to identify overall transformation kinetics using dilatometry data—Applications to austenitization of steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 380(1), 123 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pawłowski, B.: Critical points of hypoeutectoid steel–prediction of the pearlite dissolution finish temperature Ac1f. J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng. 49(2), 331 (2011).Google Scholar
Pawłowski, B.: Dilatometric examination of continuously heated austenite formation in hypoeutectoid steels. J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng. 54(2), 185 (2012).Google Scholar
Oliveira, F.L.G., Andrade, M.S., and Cota, A.B.: Kinetics of austenite formation during continuous heating in a low carbon steel. Mater. Charact. 58(3), 256 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, M.J., Dong, Z.H., Chen, D.F., Zhang, X., and Zhang, L.: Influence of cooling rate on austenite transformation and contraction of continuously cast steels. Ironmak. Steelmak. 42(4), 282 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASTM E562–11: Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count (ASTM International, PA, USA, 2011).Google Scholar
Martín, S.D., Cock, D.T., García Junceda, A., Caballero, F.G., Capdevila, C., and de Andrés, C.G.: Effect of heating rate on reaustenitisation of low carbon niobium microalloyed steel. Mater. Sci. Technol. 24(3), 266 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Andrés, C.G., Caballero, F.G., and Capdevila, C.: Dilatometric characterization of pearlite dissolution in 0.1 C-0.5 Mn low carbon low manganese steel. Scr. Mater. 38(12), 1835 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howell, P.R.: The pearlite reaction in steels mechanisms and crystallography: Part I. From HC Sorby to RF Mehl. Mater. Charact. 40(4), 227 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, K.D., Van Tyne, C.J., Vigil, C.J., and Hackenberg, R.E.: Induction hardening 5150 steel: Effects of initial microstructure and heating rate. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 20(2), 161 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onink, M., Brakman, C.M., Tichelaar, F.D., Mittemeijer, E.J., Van der Zwaag, S., Root, J.H., and Konyer, N.B.: The lattice parameters of austenite and ferrite in Fe-C alloys as functions of carbon concentration and temperature. Scr. Metall. Mater. 29(8), 1011 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onsøien, M.I., M'hamdi, M., and Mo, A.: A CCT diagram for an offshore pipeline steel of X70 type. Weld. J 88(1), 1s (2009).Google Scholar
Petrov, R., Kestens, L., and Houbaert, Y.: Characterization of the microstructure and transformation behaviour of strained and nonstrained austenite in Nb–V-alloyed C–Mn steel. Mater. Charact. 53(1), 51 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caballero, F.G., Capdevila, C., and García De Andrés, C.: Modelling of kinetics of austenite formation in steels with different initial microstructures. ISIJ Int. 41(10), 1093 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar