Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T11:49:21.175Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation mechanism and stability of the phase in the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites: First principles calculations and experiments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2016

Zulai Li ,
He Wei ,
Quan Shan ,
Yehua Jiang ,
Rong Zhou  and
Jing Feng
Zulai Li*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People's Republic of China
He Wei
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People's Republic of China
Quan Shan
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People's Republic of China
Yehua Jiang
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People's Republic of China
Rong Zhou
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People's Republic of China
Jing Feng
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: lizulai@126.com
Get access

Abstract

To study the formation mechanism and stability of the phase in the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites, the composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique and combined with first-principles calculation. It was found that Fe3W3C compound was stable from the perspective of both thermodynamics and mechanical properties based on our calculations. Interfacial reaction product of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites was M6C. Experimental results indicated that the samples prepared by SPS did not appear interfacial reaction zone, while, interfacial reaction zone appeared for the remelted samples. With the increasing remelting temperature, the width of the interface reaction zone increased because the mutual diffusion occurred at the interface between tungsten carbide particles and matrix. Its formation mechanism was 3Fe + 3/2W2C → Fe3W3C + 1/2C. Our research might provide a theoretical guidance in controlling the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites.

Keywords

compositeFediffusion
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 16 , 29 August 2016 , pp. 2376 - 2383
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Gassmann, R.: Laser cladding with (WC + W2C)/Co–Cr–C and (WC + W2C)/Ni–B–Si composites for enhanced abrasive wear resistance. Mater. Sci. Technol. 12(8), 691 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lou, D., Hellman, J., Luhulima, D., Liimatainen, J., and Lindroos, V.: Interactions between tungsten carbide (WC) particulates and metal matrix in WC-reinforced composites. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 340(1), 155 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, T., Shi, Z., Zhang, D., and Wu, R.: The interfacial reaction characteristics in SiC/Al composite above liquidus during remelting. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 257(2), 281 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liuzhang, O., Chengping, L., Zhuoxuan, L., and Xiandong, S.: Study on interface characteristics of SiCp/ZL109 aluminium alloy composites. Foundry 58(3), 9 (1999).Google Scholar
Liu, Z. and Liu, X-M.: Effects of interface on wear resistance of fiber reinforced aluminum–silicon alloy composites. Min. Metall. Eng. 23(3), 65 (2003).Google Scholar
Liu, Z. and Zhou, B.: A study of the interface of short alumina fiber reinforced aluminium alloy composites. Acta Mater. Compositae Sin. 8(4), 1 (1991).Google Scholar
Arsenault, R. and Shi, N.: Dislocation generation due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion. Mater. Sci. Eng. 81, 175 (1986).Google Scholar
Arsenault, R., Wang, L., and Feng, C.: Strengthening of composites due to microstructural changes in the matrix. Acta Metall. Mater. 39(1), 47 (1991).Google Scholar
Zhang, G-S., Xing, J-D., and Gao, Y-M.: Impact wear resistance of WC/Hadfield steel composite and its interfacial characteristics. Wear 260(7), 728 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
You, X., Zhang, C., Liu, N., Huang, M., and Ma, J.: Laser surface melting of electro-metallurgic WC/steel composites. J. Mater. Sci. 43(8), 2929 (2008).Google Scholar
Gao, J-P., Li, Y., Wei, S-Z., Zhang, W-H., and Long, R.: Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of WC steel-bonded cemented carbide/carbon steel composite layer. Mater. Mech. Eng. 1, 005 (2008).Google Scholar
Wei, S.Z., Li, Y., Gao, J.P., Ji, Y.P., and Long, R.: Phase structure and microstructure of the interface between WC steel bond hard alloy and carbon steel. In Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 368 (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland 2008); 1606.Google Scholar
Perdew, J.P., Burke, K., and Ernzerhof, M.: Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77(18), 3865 (1996).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfrommer, B.G., Côté, M., Louie, S.G., and Cohen, M.L.: Relaxation of crystals with the quasi-Newton method. J. Comput. Phys. 131(1), 233 (1997).Google Scholar
Matar, S.F., Weihrich, R., Kurowski, D., and Pfitzner, A.: DFT calculations on the electronic structure of CuTe2 and Cu7Te4 . Solid State Sci. 6(1), 15 (2004).Google Scholar
Feng, J., Xiao, B., Chen, J., Du, Y., Yu, J., and Zhou, R.: Stability, thermal and mechanical properties of Pt x Al y compounds. Mater. Des. 32(6), 3231 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhao, E., Wang, J., Meng, J., and Wu, Z.: Phase stability and mechanical properties of rhenium borides by first-principles calculations. J. Comput. Chem. 31(9), 1904 (2010).Google Scholar
Li, Y., Gao, Y., Xiao, B., Min, T., Fan, Z., Ma, S., and Xu, L.: Theoretical study on the stability, elasticity, hardness and electronic structures of W–C binary compounds. J. Alloys Compd. 502(1), 28 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patil, S., Khare, S., Tuttle, B., Bording, J., and Kodambaka, S.: Mechanical stability of possible structures of PtN investigated using first-principles calculations. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 73(10), 104118 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Z-j., Zhao, E-j., Xiang, H-p., Hao, X-f., Liu, X-j., and Meng, J.: Crystal structures and elastic properties of superhard IrN2 and IrN3 from first principles. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 76(5), 054115 (2007).Google Scholar
Suetin, D., Shein, I., and Ivanovskii, A.: Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of η carbides (Fe3W3C, Fe6W6C, Co3W3C and Co6W6C) from first principles calculations. Phys. B 404(20), 3544 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhou, R., and Feng, J.: Mechanical properties and chemical bonding characteristics of WC and W2C compounds. Ceram. Int. 40(2), 2891 (2014).Google Scholar
Liang, Y. and Che, Y.: Handbook of Thermodynamic Data for Inorganic Material (Northeast University Press, China, 1993).Google Scholar
Yang, Q-B. and Andersson, S.: Application of coincidence site lattices for crystal structure description. Part I: Σ = 3. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 43(1), 1 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhou, R., and Feng, J.: First-principles calculations of the mechanical and electronic properties of Fe–W–C ternary compounds. Comput. Mater. Sci. 82, 26 (2014).Google Scholar
Li, Y., Gao, Y., Fan, Z., Xiao, B., Yue, Q., Min, T., and Ma, S.: First-principles study on the stability and mechanical property of eta M3W3C (M = Fe, Co, Ni) compounds. Phys. B 405(3), 1011 (2010).Google Scholar