Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:02:08.871Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Co-worker ostracism and promotive voice: a self-consistency motivation analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2020

Sadia Jahanzeb*
Affiliation:
Goodman School of Business, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario
William Newell
Affiliation:
Business (Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences), Memorial University of Newfoundland (Grenfell campus), Corner Brook, Newfoundland
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sjahanzeb@brocku.ca

Abstract

This study utilizes self-consistency motivational theory to investigate the association between employees' experience of co-worker ostracism and their promotive voice, while also examining the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) and the moderating effect of emotional stability. We collected three-wave data from personnel in North American organizations and found that social exclusion by co-workers hinders employees' expression of constructive views about work-related matters as it dampens their OBSE. We observed that this mediating role of OBSE is mitigated to the extent to which employees have emotional stability, a dispositional feature that helps them control emotions, discipline impulses, and handle challenges. Overall, our study identifies a key mechanism, employees' belief about their self-esteem and proficiency as an organizational member, through which co-worker exclusion hampers promotive voice, and it reveals how their emotional stability might contain this process.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avery, D. R. (2003). Personality as a predictor of the value of voice. The Journal of Psychology, 137(5), 435446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, R., & Gulko, T. (2014). Emotionally unstable? It spells trouble for work, relationships and life (OPP white paper). Retrieved from http://www.ipat.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdfs/white_papers/Emotionally_Unstable_Spells_Trouble.pdf.Google Scholar
Becker, T. E., Atinc, G., Breaugh, J. A., Carlson, K. D., Edwards, J. R., & Spector, P. E. (2016). Statistical control in correlational studies: 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(2), 157167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowling, N. A., Eschleman, K. J., Wang, Q., Kirkendall, C., & Alarcon, G. (2010). A meta-analysis of the predictors and consequences of organization-based self-esteem. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 601626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brebner, J. (2001). Personality and stress coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(3), 317327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 364367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burris, E. R., Detert, J. R., & Chiaburu, D. S. (2008). Quitting before leaving: The mediating effects of psychological attachment and detachment on voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 912922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chamberlin, M., Newton, D. W., & Lepine, J. A. (2017). A meta-analysis of voice and its promotive and prohibitive forms: Identification of key associations, distinctions, and future research directions. Personnel Psychology, 70(1), 1171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, S. C. H., Huang, X., Snape, E., & Lam, C. K. (2013). The Janus face of paternalistic leaders: Authoritarianism, benevolence, subordinates’ organization-based self-esteem, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 108128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chou, R. J. A., & Robert, S. A. (2008). Workplace support, role overload, and job satisfaction of direct care workers in assisted living. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49(2), 208222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, Y. W., & Yang, J. Y. (2017). The mediating effects of organization-based self-esteem for the relationship between workplace ostracism and workplace behaviors. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(2), 255270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 10801107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duan, J., Kwan, H. K., & Ling, B. (2014). The role of voice efficacy in the formation of voice behaviour: A cross-level examination. Journal of Management & Organization, 20(4), 526543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducharme, L. J., Knudsen, H. K., & Roman, P. M. (2008). Emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in human service occupations: The protective role of co-worker support. Sociological Spectrum, 28(1), 81104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferris, D. L., Lian, H., Brown, D. J., Pang, F. X., & Keeping, L. M. (2010). Self-esteem and job performance: The moderating role of self-esteem contingencies. Personnel Psychology, 63(3), 561593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, D. G., Van Dyne, L., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). The effects of pay level on organization-based self-esteem and performance: A field study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), 307322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 186192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, R., Reio, T. G. Jr, & Haynes, R. K. (2012). Mentoring and organizational citizenship behavior: Estimating the mediating effects of organization-based self-esteem and affective commitment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(1), 4163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. In Research in personnel and human resources management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 207219). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Harvey, S. (2014). Creative synthesis: Exploring the process of extraordinary group creativity. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 324343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Methodology in the social sciences. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henle, C. A., & Gross, M. A. (2014). What have I done to deserve this? Effects of employee personality and emotion on abusive supervision. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(3), 461474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hitlan, R. T., Cliffton, R. J., & DeSoto, M. C. (2006). Perceived exclusion in the workplace: The moderating effects of gender on work-related attitudes and psychological health. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 217236.Google Scholar
Hitlan, R. T., & Noel, J. (2009). The influence of workplace exclusion and personality on counterproductive work behaviors: An interactionist perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 477502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, M. Y., Cheung, F. M., You, J., Kam, C., Zhang, X., & Kliewer, W. (2013). The moderating role of emotional stability in the relationship between exposure to violence and anxiety and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(6), 634639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, M. C., Cogwsell, J. E., & Smith, M. B. (2020). The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jian, Z., Kwan, H. K., Qiu, Q., Liu, Z. Q., & Yim, F. H. K. (2012). Abusive supervision and frontline employees’ service performance. The Service Industries Journal, 32(5), 683698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, L. U., Rogers, A., Stewart, R., David, E. M., & Witt, L. A. (2017). Effects of politics, emotional stability, and LMX on job dedication. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(1), 121130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability – with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 8092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2002). Are measures of self-esteem, neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 693710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19, 151188.Google Scholar
Korman, A. K. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 3141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korman, A. K. (1976). Hypothesis of workbehaviour a revisit and an extension. The Academy of Management Review, 1, 5063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korman, A. K. (2001). Self-enhancement and self-protection: Toward a theory of work motivation. In Erez, M., Kleinbeck, U., & Thierry, H. (Eds.). Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy (pp. 121130). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Google Scholar
Lau, D. C., Lam, L. W., & Wen, S. S. (2014). Examining the effects of feeling trusted by supervisors in the workplace: A self-evaluative perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(1), 112127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leary, M. R., & Guadagno, J. (2004). The sociometer, self-esteem, and the regulation of interpersonal behavior. In Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (Eds.). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 373391). London: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R., Koch, E. J., & Hechenbleikner, N. R. (2001). Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection. In Leary, M. R. (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 145166). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R., Schreindorfer, L. S., & Haupt, A. L. (1995). The role of low self-esteem in emotional and behavioral problems: Why is low self-esteem dysfunctional? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14(3), 297314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J. (2003). An analysis of the antecedents of organization-based self-esteem in two Korean banks. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(6), 10461066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (1998). Predicting voice behavior in work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 853868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (2001). Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: Evidence of differential relationships with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 326336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, J., Xin, K. R., Tsui, A., & Hambrick, D. C. (1999). Building effective international joint venture leadership teams in China. Journal of World Business, 34(1), 5268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., & Ahlstrom, D. (2016). Emotional stability: A new construct and its implications for individual behavior in organizations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 33(1), 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Chun, H., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Ahlstrom, D. (2012). A multi-level study of emergent group leadership: Effects of emotional stability and group conflict. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29(2), 351366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, J., Farh, C. I., & Farh, J. L. (2012). Psychological antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice: A two-wave examination. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 7192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, X. S., Chen, Z. X., Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Qian, J. (2018). A self-consistency motivation analysis of employee reactions to job insecurity: The roles of organization-based self-esteem and proactive personality. Journal of Business Research, 92, 168178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, S., Luksyte, A., Zhou, L., Shi, J., & Wang, M. (2015). Overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors: Examining a moderated mediation model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(2), 250271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2014). Speaking more broadly: An examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 87112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T Jr. (1991). The NEO personality inventory: Using the Five-Factor Model in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 69(4), 367372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelis, D., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011). Measuring individual differences in emotion regulation: The emotion regulation profile-revised (ERP-R). Psychologica Belgica, 51(1), 4991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohana, M. (2016). Voice, affective commitment and citizenship behavior in teams: The moderating role of neuroticism and intrinsic motivation. British Journal of Management, 27(1), 97115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ormel, J., Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., Bos, E. H., Hankin, B., … Oldehinkel, A. J. (2013). Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(5), 686697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., Berdahl, J. L., & Banki, S. (2014). Is negative attention better than no attention? The comparative effects of ostracism and harassment at work. Organization Science, 26(3), 774793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfundmair, M., Lermer, E., Frey, D., & Aydin, N. (2015). Construal level and social exclusion: Concrete thinking impedes recovery from social exclusion. The Journal of Social Psychology, 155(4), 338355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G. (2004). Self-esteem within the work and organizational context: A review of the organization-based self-esteem literature. Journal of Management, 30(5), 591622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., & Crowley, C. (2016). Organization-based self-esteem and well-being: Empirical examination of a spillover effect. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(2), 181199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., & Dunham, R. B. (1989). Organization-based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 622648.Google Scholar
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Assessing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, X., DiRenzo, M. S., Xu, M., & Duan, Y. (2014). When do emotionally exhausted employees speak up? Exploring the potential curvilinear relationship between emotional exhaustion and voice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(7), 10181041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rink, F., Kane, A. A., Ellemers, N., & Van der Vegt, G. (2013). Team receptivity to newcomers: Five decades of evidence and future research themes. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 247293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S. L., O'Reilly, J., & Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at work: An integrated model of workplace ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2004). Child maltreatment and emergent personality organization: Perspectives from the five-factor model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 123145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rousseau, V., & Aubé, C. (2010). Social support at work and affective commitment to the organization: The moderating effect of job resource adequacy and ambient conditions. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(4), 321340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, K. L., Zagenczyk, T. J., Schippers, M., Purvis, R. L., & Cruz, K. S. (2014). Co-worker exclusion and employee outcomes: An investigation of the moderating roles of perceived organizational and social support. Journal of Management Studies, 51(8), 12351256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svendsen, M., Unterrainer, C., & Jønsson, T. F. (2018). The effect of transformational leadership and job autonomy on promotive and prohibitive voice: A two-wave study. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 25(2), 171183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, pp. 481498). Boston, MA: Pearson.Google Scholar
Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Treadway, D. C., Ferris, G. R., Duke, A. B., Adams, G. L., & Thatcher, J. B. (2007). The moderating role of subordinate political skill on supervisors’ impressions of subordinate ingratiation and ratings of subordinate interpersonal facilitation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 848855.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wan, E. W., Chan, K. W., & Chen, R. P. (2016). Hurting or helping? The effect of service agents’ workplace ostracism on customer service perceptions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(6), 746769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York, NY: Guilford.Google Scholar
Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, K. D., & Sommer, K. L. (1997). Social ostracism by coworkers: Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(7), 693706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, C. H., Liu, J., Kwan, H. K., & Lee, C. (2016). Why and when workplace ostracism inhibits organizational citizenship behaviors: An organizational identification perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), 362378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, L. Z., Birtch, T. A., Chiang Flora, F. T., & Zhang, H. (2018). Perceptions of negative workplace gossip: A self-consistency theory framework. Journal of Management, 44(5), 18731898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, L. Z., Ferris, D. L., Kwan, H. K., Chiang, F., Snape, E., & Liang, L. H. (2015). Breaking (or making) the silence: How goal interdependence and social skill predict being ostracized. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 131, 5166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, L. Z., Yim, F. H. K., Kwan, H. K., & Zhang, X. (2012). Coping with workplace ostracism: The roles of ingratiation and political skill in employee psychological distress. Journal of Management Studies, 49(1), 178199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, W., Qu, Y., Zhang, Y., Hao, S., Tang, F., Zhao, N., & Si, H. (2019). Needs frustration makes me silent: Workplace ostracism and newcomers’ voice behavior. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(5), 635652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, J., & Treadway, D. C. (2018). A social influence interpretation of workplace ostracism and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(4), 879891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, B. (2011). Learning from errors: The role of context, emotion, and personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 435463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 8494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 682696.Google Scholar