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What effect has pneumococcal vaccination had on acute mastoiditis?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2012

M Daniel ,
S Gautam ,
T A Scrivener ,
C Meller ,
B Levin  and
J Curotta
M Daniel*
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham, UK
S Gautam
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
T A Scrivener
Affiliation:
Graduate Medical Program, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
C Meller
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
B Levin
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
J Curotta
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Matija Daniel, Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, Australia 2145 Fax: +61 (0)2 9845 2078 E-mail: matija.daniel@nottingham.ac.uk
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Abstract

Background:

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent cause of acute mastoiditis. Despite the recent (2005) introduction of pneumococcal vaccination, mastoiditis incidence and severity may be increasing. This study aimed to assess the incidence, severity and microbiology of acute mastoiditis over an 11-year period.

Methods:

Retrospective review of paediatric acute mastoiditis cases seen at our institution (2000–2010), comparing patients seen prior to vaccination introduction (period one, 2000–2004), around the time of vaccine introduction (period two, 2005–2007) and post-vaccination (period three, 2008–2010).

Results:

We reviewed 84 children. In periods one, two and three, respectively: mean annual case load was 8.4, 5 and 9 children; pneumococcal isolates were seen in 40.5, 6.7 and 29.6 per cent of cases; highest recorded fever was 38.6, 38.9 and 38.2°C and highest leukocyte count 18.9, 15.0 and 15.6 × 109/l; incidence of intracranial complications was 11.9, 0 and 7.4 per cent; mean duration of intravenous antibiotics was 6.0, 4.1 and 4.2 days; proportion treated surgically was 71.4, 60.0 and 48.1 per cent; and mean length of in-patient stay shortened.

Conclusion:

Pneumococcal mastoiditis admission rates appeared to fall when vaccination was introduced, with concomitant reduction in overall mastoiditis incidence and intracranial complications; subsequently, however, admission rates rapidly returned to pre-vaccination levels.

Keywords

MastoiditisVaccinationChildOtolaryngologyBacteriaPneumococcus
Type
Main Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 127 , Supplement S1 , January 2013 , pp. S30 - S34
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2012

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Footnotes

Presented orally at the Australian Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Meeting, 31 March 2012 to 4 April 2012, Adelaide, Australia, and as a poster at the European Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Meeting, 20 May 2012 to 23 May 2012, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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