1. The rate of development of the larvae of M. capillaris is slowed down as the temperature is lowered; at 25°C. the infective stage is reached after 8 days; at 5°C. after 98 days.

2. The differences between “pre-infective” and “infective” larvae, as described by Gerichter (1948), have been confirmed.

3. Larvae at the “infective” stage can withstand artificial digestion, but “pre-infective” larvae are unable to do so.

4. The infective larvae can survive for long periods within the foot of the intermediate host.

5. Pre-infective larvae can survive for seven days after the death of the intermediate host; infective larvae can live for sixteen days.

6. Naturally-infected slugs were found throughout the greater part of the year. 13.5 per cent of the slugs collected were infected but in most instances only a few larvae were present in any one slug.

1. Observations on faecal pellets, herbage and soil, under natural climatic conditions, indicate that the larvae of M. capillaris survive for several months. The majority of the surviving larvae remain in the faecal pellets, and do not pass on to the herbage.

2. In the laboratory, larvae survived for many weeks in dry faeces, but the longevity was less in wet faeces. They survived better at a low temperature range of 3–6°C, than at higher temperatures.

3. They exhibit a considerable degree of resistance to desiccation; some survived for a maximum of fourteen days at a relative humidity of 75%.

4. Bright sunlight rapidly kills off the larvae.

5. They can survive at temperatures below freezing point. All of the larvae were alive after three days' continuous freezing, but none were alive after being frozen for twelve days.

A number of these specimens were available for study. They were collected from the stomach of Galago crassicaudatus agisymbanus (Coquerel) in Tanganyika Territory by Dr. W. H. R. Lumsden whom I wish to thank for the material.

These stout worms have a thick cuticle which is finely striated. The well-developed lateral lips are smooth, hemispherical, each possessing a large triangular external tooth and three smaller internal teeth. There are two prominent papillae towards the dorsal and ventral margins of each lip. The cervical cuticle forms a collar round the anterior end.

1. Eufilaria sergenti Seurat, 1921 is recorded from the areolar tissue of the legs and neck of the White-crested Jay-Thrush, Garrulax leucolophus from the Himalayas.

2. A new species of filarial worm Chandlerella braziliensis is described from the Green-billed Toucan from Brazil. It differs from other species of Chandlerella in the presence of small preanal papillae.

3. Chandlerella and Splendidofilaria which are considered as synonymous by some recent authors are considered to be valid genera by the present writer.

4. The genus Buckleyfilaria Singh, 1949 is shown to be a synonym of Pseudaprocta Shikhobalova, 1930, and the genotype becomes Pseudaprocta buckleyi (Singh, 1949) n.comb.

The results obtained in the tests described above are summarized in the following table :—

Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, self-sown in one of the inoculated pots, is an addition to the known weed hosts of narcissus races of D. dipsaci and a new host record for the species.

Seinhorst (1952) has emphasized the need for caution in interpreting the results of host tests with D. dipsaci. Exposure to heavy infestations will often result in invasion and local necrosis of the tissues of plants which are not true hosts of the race concerned. Seedlings may easily be killed outright in this way. The present tests lead to similar conclusions as shown, for example, by the results obtained with red clover and oat seedlings. Even deposition of eggs in the tissues cannot be taken as evidence that the eelworms have established themselves. It is considered, however, that a plant may be regarded as a true host when it is clear that the eelworms are breeding freely in the tissues, i.e. when eelworms in all stages of development are present with numerous eggs, and when infestation is able to persist during the normal life of the plant. With bulbous plants, the establishment of an infestation in the new bulbs after the leaves and flowers had died down was taken as evidence that the plant was a true host. The typical effects of D. dipsaci on the tissues of its hosts, e.g. hypertrophy of parenchyma tissues, enlargement and loosening of the cells and dry, mealy rotting, are also useful criteria, but some of these effects may be produced occasionally after invasion of non-hosts, as was found in a few of the inoculated clover seedlings.

1. The protozoa reported from animal-parasitic helminths are summarised in three tables, with a few comments on some of the more interesting forms.

2. The microsporidian found hyperparasitic in Moniezia expansa and M. benedeni of sheep in England, and Moniezia sp. from a buffalo calf in Pakistan has been found to be identical with Nosema helminthorum described by Moniez, 1887, Plistophora helminthophthora Labbé, 1899, and Nosema bischoffi, Weiser, 1951. The valid name for the organism is therefore Nosema helminthorum Moniez, 1887.

3. The macroscopic and microscopic changes in parasitized tapeworms have been described, and it is believed that the microsporidian is not pathogenic.

4. The host distribution and the geographical distribution of Nosetna helminthorum have been dealt with. This parasite has so far been reported from France, Germany, Yugoslavia, Great Britain and Pakistan, and it is likely that, it will eventually be reported from other countries in which Moniezia is present.

Four species of adult cestodes and one larval form were recovered from Rattus assimilis (Gould, 1858) from Queensland. Hymenolepis diminuta Rudolphi, 1819; and the cysticercus of Taenia taeniae-formis (Batsch, 1786) are new host records for Australia; the same infestations with Raillietina (Raillietina) celebensis (Janicki, 1902) have also been recorded by Baer and Sandars (1956). Two new species, viz:—Choanotaenia ratticola and Hymenolepis australiensis are described.

The type specimens are lodged in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane. Cotype and other specimens studied are also lodged in the Queensland Museum and in the Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland; the Department of Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and in the British Museum (Natural History).

A new species, Hymenolepis miniopteri is described. The specimens studied were recovered from the ileum of the bat, Miniopterus blepotis (Temminck, 1840) from South Queensland.

The type and cotype specimens are lodged in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.

A description of Neoparadiplostomum magnitesticulatum gen. et sp. nov. and Neoparadiplostomum kafuensis gen. et sp. nov. is given. The material was obtained from the intestine of Crocodilus niloticus, Kafue River, Northern Rhodesia.

The genus Neoparadiplostomum which is proposed as new is closely related to all the other genera of the subfamily Proterodiplos-tomatinae, but differs from them in the nature of the paraprostate and the arrangement of the sexual ducts.

A catalogue is given of some known strigeid (Trematoda) parasites from the African Continent.