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Pre-gestational overweight in guinea pig sows induces fetal vascular dysfunction and increased rate of large and small fetuses

Part of: Ibero-American DOHaD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2015

B. J. Krause ,
E. A. Herrera ,
F. A. Díaz-López ,
M. Farías ,
R. Uauy  and
P. Casanello
B. J. Krause*
Affiliation:
Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
E. A. Herrera
Affiliation:
Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
F. A. Díaz-López
Affiliation:
Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
M. Farías
Affiliation:
Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
R. Uauy
Affiliation:
Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
P. Casanello
Affiliation:
Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr. B. J. Krause, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile. (Email bjkrause@uc.cl)
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Abstract

In humans, obesity before and during pregnancy is associated with both fetal macrosomia and growth restriction, and long-term cardiovascular risk in the offspring. We aimed to determine whether overweighted pregnant guinea pig sows results in an increased fetal weight at term and the effects on the vascular reactivity in fetal systemic and umbilical arteries. Pregnant guinea pigs were classified as control (n=4) or high weight (HWS, n=5) according to their pre-mating weight, and their fetuses extracted at 0.9 gestation (~60 days). Segments of fetal femoral and umbilical arteries were mounted in a wire myograph, where the contractile response to KCl (5–125 mM), and the relaxation to nitric oxide synthase-dependent agents (insulin, 10−10–10−7 and acetylcholine, 10−10–10−5) and nitric oxide [sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 10−10–10−5] were determined. Fetuses from HWS (HWSF) were grouped according to their body weight as low (<76 g) or high (>85 g) fetal weight, based on the confidence interval (76.5–84.9 g) of the control group. No HWSF were observed in the normal range. Umbilical arteries from HWSF showed a lower response to KCl and insulin compared with controls, but a comparable response with SNP. Conversely, femoral arteries from HWSF showed an increased response to KCl and acetylcholine, along with a decreased sensitivity to SNP. These data show that overweight sows have altered fetal growth along gestation. Further, large and small fetuses from obese guinea pig sows showed altered vascular reactivity at umbilical and systemic vessels, which potentially associates with long-term cardiovascular risk.

Keywords

cardiovascularfetusmaternal pregnancyobesity
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 3: Themed Issue: Ibero-American DOHaD Society , June 2016 , pp. 237 - 243
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2015 

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