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The sheep growth hormone gene polymorphism and its effects on milk traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2015

Maria Luisa Dettori ,
Michele Pazzola ,
Emanuela Pira ,
Pietro Paschino  and
Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
Maria Luisa Dettori*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna, 2 07100 Sassari, Italy
Michele Pazzola
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna, 2 07100 Sassari, Italy
Emanuela Pira
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna, 2 07100 Sassari, Italy
Pietro Paschino
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna, 2 07100 Sassari, Italy
Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna, 2 07100 Sassari, Italy Centro di Competenza Biodiversità Animale, viale Adua 2C, 07100 Sassari, Italy
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: mldettori@uniss.it
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Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) is encoded by the GH gene, which may be single copy or duplicate in sheep. The two copies of the sheep GH gene (GH1/GH2-N and GH2-Z) were entirely sequenced in one 106 ewes of Sarda breed, in order to highlight sequence polymorphisms and investigate possible association between genetic variants and milk traits. Milk traits included milk yield, fat, protein, casein and lactose percentage. We evidenced 75 nucleotide changes. Transcription factor binding site prediction revealed two sequences potentially recognised by the pituitary-specific transcription factor POU1FI at the GH1/GH2-N gene, which were lost at the promoter of GH2-Z, which might explain the different tissues of expression of GH1/GH2-N (pituitary) and GH2-Z (placenta). Significant differences in milk traits were observed among genotypes at polymorphic loci only for the GH2-Z gene. Sheep with homozygote genotype ss748770547 CC had higher fat percentage (P < 0·01) than TT. SNP ss748770547 was part of a potential transcription factor binding site for C/EBP alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein), which is involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipoblast differentiation. SNP ss748770547, located in the GH2-Z gene 5′ flanking region, may be a causal mutation affecting milk fat content. These findings might contribute to the knowledge of the sheep GH locus and might be useful in selection processes in sheep.

Keywords

Sheep milkSarda sheep breedgrowth hormone genesheep GH geneduplicate GH gene
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 82 , Issue 2 , May 2015 , pp. 169 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2015 

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