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Shakespeare for Use and Pleasure: Elizabeth Nunez's and Terry McMillan's Middlebrow Fiction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2019

ELIZABETH RIVLIN*
Affiliation:
Department of English, Clemson University. Email: rivlin@clemson.edu.

Abstract

This essay investigates how Elizabeth Nunez's Prospero's Daughter (2006) and Terry McMillan's How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1996) engage with Shakespeare. By taking a middlebrow approach that emphasizes readers’ use of and pleasure in Shakespeare and that aims to cultivate an inclusive multiracial readership, Nunez and McMillan show that black readers can lay claim to a Shakespeare that they participate in (re)defining. While Nunez's novel frames Shakespeare's political uses within pleasurable genres of contemporary popular fiction, McMillan suggests that she and her readers can remake Shakespeare, the name of her heroine's love interest, into a figure associated with pleasure.

Type
Forum
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and British Association for American Studies 2019

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References

1 Nunez, Elizabeth, “Channeling Shakespeare,” Black Issues Book Review, 8, 2 (March–April 2006), 25Google Scholar.

2 Representative is Bryan Curtis's backhanded compliment in a 2005 piece for Slate: “Terry McMillan is such a sly charmer that you wish there were a little more going on in her novels … She has either the most novelistic talent of any chick-lit writer, or the most chick-lit talent of any literary novelist.” Bryan Curtis, “Terry McMillan: Waiting to Excel,” Slate, 4 Aug., 2005, at www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/the_middlebrow/2005/08/terry_mcmillan.html.

3 Quoted in Clem Richardson, “No Novel to Her Call Putting Black Literature on a Higher Shelf,” New York Daily News, 3 April 2000, at www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/no-call-putting-black-literature-higher-shelf-article-1.865323.

4 For a more historically attuned perspective see Dubey, Madhu, “‘Even Some Fiction Might Be Useful’: African American Women Novelists,” in Mitchell, Angelyn and Taylor, Danielle K., eds., The Cambridge Companion to African American Women's Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 150–67, 165CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Driscoll, Beth, The New Literary Middlebrow: Tastemakers and Reading in the Twenty-First Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 28Google Scholar.

6 Aubry, Timothy, Reading as Therapy: What Contemporary Fiction Does for Middle-Class Americans (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2011), 14Google Scholar. See also Farr, Cecilia Konchar, Reading Oprah: How Oprah's Book Club Changed the Way America Reads (Albany: SUNY Press, 2005)Google Scholar.

7 Césaire, Aimé, A Tempest (1969), trans. Miller, Richard (New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1985)Google Scholar; Fanon, Frantz, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Philcox, Richard (New York: Grove Press, 2008)Google Scholar; Lamming, George, The Pleasures of Exile (London: Michael Joseph, 1960)Google Scholar.

8 Lamming, 110.

9 Ibid., 15.

10 Nunez, Elizabeth, Prospero's Daughter (New York: Random House/Ballantine, 2006), 218Google Scholar. Hereafter cited in the text.

11 Alison Donnell (in conversation with Elizabeth Nunez), “Prospero's Daughter: Recovering Caribbean Wo/men,” MaComère, 10 (2008), special section on Elizabeth Nunez's Prospero's Daughter, 43–64, 57.

12 Ibid., 45.

13 Nunez seems influenced by Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres (1991), which not only reworked King Lear in the voices of the maligned Goneril and Regan but recast the narrative around the Lear figure's incestuous abuse. Doan, Janice and Hodges, Devon, Telling Incest: Narratives of Dangerous Remembering from Stein to Sapphire (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

14 Despite its more conventional affiliations, Nunez's version echoes a number of writers who have called attention to the erasure of powerful female figures and gender queerness in The Tempest and in its twentieth-century responses and rewritings. See Zabus, Chantal, Tempests after Shakespeare (New York: Palgrave, 2002), 127CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Goldberg, Jonathan, Tempest in the Caribbean (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004)Google Scholar.

15 Aubry, 2.

16 McMillan, Terry, How Stella Got Her Groove Back (New York: Viking/Penguin, 1996), 49Google Scholar. Hereafter cited in the text.

17 Nathans, Heather S., “‘A Course of Learning and Ingenious Studies’: Shakespearean Education and Theater in Antebellum America,” in Kahn, Coppélia, Nathans, Heather S., and Godfrey, Mimi, eds., Shakespearean Educations: Power, Citizenship, and Performance (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2011), 5470Google Scholar; and Marvin McAllister, “Shakespeare Visits the Hilltop: Classical Drama and the Howard College Dramatic Club,” in ibid., 219–46.

18 Edmondson, Belinda, Caribbean Middlebrow: Leisure Culture and the Middle Class (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009), 164, original emphasisGoogle Scholar.

19 Cartelli, Thomas, Repositioning Shakespeare: National Formations, Postcolonial Appropriations (London: Routledge, 1999), 116Google Scholar.