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No-tillage culture and nitrogen fertilizer management for burley tobacco production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2016

C. ZOU ,
R. C. PEARCE ,
J. H. GROVE  and
M. S. COYNE
C. ZOU*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
R. C. PEARCE
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
J. H. GROVE
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
M. S. COYNE
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: congming.zou.uky@gmail.com
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Summary

Few studies have investigated nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in no-tillage (NT) tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) production systems, even though N fertilization is known to influence tobacco cured leaf yield and quality. The present study evaluated how tillage practice and N fertilizer rate affected burley tobacco agronomic performance, plant available nitrogen (PAN) supply, and leaf chemical constituents. In 2012 and 2013, three N fertilizer rates (0, 140 and 280 kg N/ha) were introduced as split-plots within a long-term NT and conventional tillage (CT) (mouldboard plough) comparison study. Results (2007–2013) showed that the effect of tillage on tobacco yield depended on seasonal weather; NT tobacco appeared to have lower yield than CT tobacco in seasons with <450 mm growing season rainfall, but similar yields when rainfall was >500 mm. In 2012 (432 mm rainfall; 84% of the long-term seasonal mean), leaf SPAD reading, leaf nitrate concentration, total nitrogen concentration at the topping day (i.e. removal of flowers/buds at the tops of the plants) and cured leaf nicotine and alkaloid content suggested that N deficiency was more pronounced in NT than CT at the lowest N fertilizer rate. The PAN supply, as measured by a modified in situ resin core method, was similar in 2012 between NT and CT, suggesting that plant factors may have had a role in N uptake efficiency. This scenario did not repeat in 2013 (706 mm rainfall; 137% of the long-term seasonal mean). Even though N fertilization rates were identical for both tillage practices in 2012 and 2013, PAN was lower, on average, in 2012. Because N uptake is largely the result of mass flow, the impact of reduced root density in NT tobacco would be expected to be more pronounced in a season such as 2012, when water was limited. Banding N close to the tobacco root system and/or side-dressing some portion of N may be recommended strategies to improve N use efficiency in NT burley tobacco production.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 155 , Issue 4 , May 2017 , pp. 599 - 612
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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