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INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA E WELFARE STATES NAZIONALI

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Fritz W. Scharpf  and
Luca Verzichelli

Introduzione

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Il processo di integrazione europea è caratterizzato da una asimmetria fondamentale descritta accuratamente da Joseph Weiler (1981) come un dualismo tra le norme sopranazionali europee ed il policy-making europeo di tipo intergovernativo. Weiler ha ancora ragione nella sua critica agli scienziati politici, colpevoli di aver troppo a lungo concentrato la propria attenzione soltanto sugli aspetti della negoziazione intergovernativa e di aver ignorato (o comunque non aver preso sufficientemente in considerazione) l'emergere, essenzialmente per via giurisdizionale, di un ordinamento legale europeo che prevale sulle leggi nazionali (Weiler 1994). Questa omissione è tanto più grave poiché ha impedito di individuare il parallelismo, politicamente assai significativo, tra il dualismo indicato da Weiler e la più comune contrapposizione tra una integrazione «positiva» ed una «negativa» (Tinbergen 1965; Rehbinder e Stewart 1984), cioè tra le misure che allargano l'integrazione del mercato eliminando i vincoli nazionali sugli scambi e le distorsioni competitive, da un lato, e le politiche europee comuni che modellano le condizioni sotto le quali i mercati operano, dall'altro.

Summary

Summary

The aims of this article are firstly to point out the extent of the «negative» and «positive» European integration and, then, to discuss the consequences of this historical transformation and its impact on the policy making of the European States. The starting point of the article is the too limited attention paid by the political scientists to the implications of the slow development of «positive integration» and of the correspondent loss of «boundary control» due to the great expansion of negative integration. The European Commission and the Court of Justice are to be seen as the institutions which have been the strongest beneficiaries of this process.

The second part of the paper is devoted to the discussion of some possible solutions for this problem, using some historical cases, from the American experience and from ther recent process of unification in Germany.

Type
Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , April 1996 , pp. 21 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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