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Rethinking the association between overweight/obesity and ADHD in children: a longitudinal and psychosocial perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2020

S. Ó. Donnchadha ,
J. Bramham Open the ORCID record for J. Bramham [Opens in a new window]  and
C. Greene Open the ORCID record for C. Greene [Opens in a new window]
S. Ó. Donnchadha
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Health Service Executive, Dublin North East, Ireland
J. Bramham
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
C. Greene*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr C. Greene, School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. (Email: ciara.greene@ucd.ie)
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Abstract

Objective:

This study examines the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight/obesity in a large-scale longitudinal study of children, while controlling for a range of psychosocial factors.

Method:

Data were obtained from Growing Up in Ireland, a nationally representative and longitudinal study of approximately 6500 children who were assessed at 9 and 13 years of age. Body mass index (BMI) was determined using measured height and weight, ADHD status was determined by parent reports of professional diagnoses and ADHD symptoms were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results:

The associations between ADHD status, ADHD symptoms (SDQ) and BMI category at age 9 and 13 years were evaluated using logistic regression. Adjustments were made for child factors (sex, developmental coordination disorder, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, birth weight and exercise) and parental factors (socio-economic status, parental BMI, parental depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy). Logistic regression indicated that ADHD status was not associated with BMI category at 9 or at 13 years of age, but children with ADHD at 9 years were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese at 13 years than those without ADHD. However, when other child and parental factors were adjusted for, ADHD status was no longer significantly associated with weight status. Female sex, low levels of exercise, overweight/obese parents and prenatal smoking during pregnancy consistently increased the odds of childhood overweight/obesity.

Conclusions:

While ADHD and overweight/obesity co-occur in general populations, this relationship is largely explained by a variety of psychosocial factors.

Keywords

ADHDlongitudinalobesityoverweightpsychosocial
Type
Original Research
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , June 2023 , pp. 152 - 165
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The College of Psychiatrists of Ireland

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