Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T01:45:23.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE ASSYRIAN DISTANZANGABEN IN RELATION TO THE REGNAL YEARS RECORDED IN THE ASSYRIAN KING LIST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2021

Bieke Mahieu
Bieke Mahieu*
Affiliation:
École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem Derekh Shekhem 83–85 POB 19053 9119001Jerusalemassistant.au.projet.b.e.s.t@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Several so-called Distanzangaben (lit. “designations of distance”), found in Assyrian inscriptions, record time spans between events (mainly building activities) of Assyrian rulers. Such chronological data have mostly been studied as entities (for purposes of absolute chronology), and only rarely with regard to their composition. While some of the Distanzangaben can be explained as mere summations of the regnal years recorded in the Assyrian King List, others remain enigmatic. The present article attempts to trace the composition of every Distanzangabe. For those compiled by Tiglath-pileser I and Esarhaddon, ideological purposes seem to be implied. The one compiled by Sennacherib sheds light on the chronology of Tiglath-pileser I's campaigns.

المدرسة الفرنسية التوراتية والأثرية في القدس

كثير من بيانات المسافة التي عثر عليها في النصوص الآشورية تسجل الفترات الزمنية بين الأحداث (خصوصا الفعاليات الإنشائية) للحكام الآشوريين . تمت دراسة مثل هذه البيانات الكرونولوجية في الغالب ككيانات (لأغراض التسلسل الزمني المطلق ) ونادراً ما يتعلق بتكوينها. في حين يمكن تفسير بعض بيانات المسافة على أنها مجرد ملخصات لسنوات الحكم المسجلة في قائمة الملوك الآشوريين، إلا أن البعض الآخر لا يزال غامضًا. تحاول هذه الدراسة في صفحاتها تتبع صياغة كل واحد من بيانات المسافة هذه . بالنسبة لأولئك الذين جمعهم تيغلاث بلصر الأول وإسرحدون، يبدو أن الأغراض الأيديولوجية ضمنية. يلقي الكتاب الذي جمعه سنحاريب الضوء على التسلسل الزمني لحملات تيغلاث بلصر الأول

Type
Research Article
Information
IRAQ , Volume 83 , December 2021 , pp. 67 - 85
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, H. D. 2008. “Šamšī-Adad III” in Streck, M. P., ed. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie. Vol. 11/7–8: Šaduppûm. B – Samug. Berlin: de Gruyter, p. 636.Google Scholar
Baker, H. D. 2010. “The Meaning of ṭuppi”. Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 104: 131–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bányai, M. 2015. “Die Chronologie der Zeit von Adad-šuma-uṣur”. Journal asiatique 303: 9–23.Google Scholar
Barjamovic, G., Hertel, Th. and Larsen, M. T.. 2012. Ups and Downs at Kanesh: Chronology, History and Society in the Old Assyrian Period. Publications de l'Institut historique-archéologique néerlandais de Stamboul 120; Old Assyrian Archives: Studies 5. Leiden: NINO.Google Scholar
Bloch, Y. 2010. “Solving the Problems of the Assyrian King List: Toward a Precise Reconstruction of Middle Assyrian Chronology”. Journal of Ancient Civilizations 25: 21–87.Google Scholar
Bloch, Y. 2012. Studies in Middle Assyrian Chronology and Its Implications for the History of the Ancient Near East in the 13th Century B.C.E. Ph.D. diss., Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Bloch, Y. 2014. “The Conquest Eponyms of Šamšī-Adad I and the Kaneš Eponym List”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 73: 191–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boese, J. 2012. “Šamši-Adad I., Hammurabi und die Chronologie der altassyrischen Zeit”. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin 144: 17–29.Google Scholar
Boese, J. and Wilhelm, G.. 1979. “Aššur-Dān I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie”. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 71: 19–38.Google Scholar
Borger, R. 1961. Einleitung in die assyrischen Königsinschriften. Vol. 1: Das zweite Jahrtausend v. Chr. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Abt. 1: Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten. Ergänzungsband 5/1/1. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinkman, J. A. 1968. A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158–722 B.C. Analecta Orientalia 43. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute.Google Scholar
Charpin, D. 2004. “Histoire politique du Proche-Orient amorrite (2002–1595)” in Charpin, D., Edzard, D. O. and Stol, M., eds. Mesopotamien: Die altbabylonische Zeit. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 160/4. Fribourg: Academic Press, pp. 23–480.Google Scholar
Charpin, D. and Ziegler, N.. 2003. Mari et le Proche-Orient à l’époque amorrite : essai d'histoire politique. Florilegium Marianum 5; Mémoires de NABU 6. Paris: Société pour l’étude du Proche-Orient ancien.Google Scholar
Charpin, D. and Ziegler, N.. 2014. “En marge d'ARCHIBAB, 14 : la séquence des éponymes”. Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2014/12: 21–22.Google Scholar
Cornelius, F. 1958. “Chronologie: Eine Erwiderung”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 12: 101–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donbaz, V. 1998. “Assur Collection Housed in Istanbul: General Outlines” in Alp, S. and Süel, A., eds. Acts of the IIIrd International Congress of Hittitology: Ҫorum, September 16–22, 1996. Ankara: Uyum Ajans, pp. 177–188.Google Scholar
Eder, Ch. 2004. “Assyrische Distanzangaben und die absolute Chronologie Vorderasiens”. Altorientalische Forschungen 31: 191–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elayi, J. 2018. Sennacherib, King of Assyria. Society of Biblical Literature: Archaeology and Biblical Studies 24. Atlanta, Ga.: Society of Biblical Literature.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freydank, H. 2007. “ṭuppu in anderer Sicht”. Altorientalische Forschungen 34: 225–236.Google Scholar
Gasche, H., Armstrong, J. A., Cole, S. W. and Gurzadyan, V. G.. 1998. Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project). Mesopotamian History and Environment. Series 2: Memoirs 4. Ghent: University of Ghent.Google Scholar
Gelb, I. J. 1954. “Two Assyrian King Lists”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 13: 209–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, A. R. 2011. “Sumero-Babylonian King Lists and Date Lists” in George, A. R., ed. Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 17. Bethesda, Md.: CDL, pp. 199–209.Google Scholar
Glassner, J.-J. 2004. Mesopotamian Chronicles. Ed. by Foster, B. R.. Society of Biblical Literature: Writings from the Ancient World 19. Atlanta, Ga.: Society of Biblical Literature.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K. 1980. “Königslisten und Chroniken: B. Akkadisch” in Edzard, D. O., ed. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie. Vol. 6/1–2: Klagegesang – Königtum. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 86–135.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K. 1987. Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (to 1115 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Assyrian Periods 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K. 1991. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC: I (1114–859 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Assyrian Periods 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grayson, A. K. and Novotny, J.. 2012. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC), Part 1. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/1. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Günbatti, C. 2008. “An Eponym List (KEL G) from Kültepe”. Altorientalische Forschungen 35: 103–132.Google Scholar
Hachmann, R. 1977. “Assyrische Abstandsdaten und absolute Chronologie”. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 93: 97–130.Google Scholar
Heeßel, N. P. 2002. “Zur Lesung der Königsnamens šú-uru.nina”. Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2002/62: 60–61.Google Scholar
Holloway, S. W. 2002. Aššur Is King! Aššur Is King! Religion in the Exercise of Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 10. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janssen, Th. 2006. “Zu den Berechnungsweisen und Resultaten assyrischer Distanzangaben”. Akkadica 127: 63–72.Google Scholar
Janssen, Th. 2007. “Tuppišu in der AKL - Berechnung, Konzept, Bedeutung”. Akkadica 128: 99–108.Google Scholar
Janssen, Th. 2009. “Vermischtes zu den assyrischen Distanzangaben”. Akkadica 130: 75–86.Google Scholar
Janssen, Th. 2012. “Zu Klärung der assyrischen Distanzangaben: Bemerkungen und Alternativvorschläge zu einem Kapitel in R. Pruzsinszkys Mesopotamian Chronology (CChEM 22)”. Akkadica 133: 1–20.Google Scholar
Janssen, Th. 2016. “Wie man mit Hilfe der Distanzangaben die 1225 Jahre bei Eusebius erklärt und die Eklipse von 1838 BC als die ‘Sonnenverdunklung’ in MEC identifiziert”. Akkadica 137: 75–96.Google Scholar
Janssen, Th. 2018. “Eine interessante Diskrepanz und ihre mögliche Erklärung”. Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2018/23: 38–39.Google Scholar
Landsberger, B. 1954. “Assyrische Königsliste und ‘Dunkles Zeitalter’”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8: 31–73, 106–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewy, H. 1971. “Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Period” in Edwards, I. E. S., Gadd, C. J. and Hammond, N. G. L., eds. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 1/2: Early History of the Middle East. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 707–728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llop, J. 2003. “Die persönlichen Gründe Tiglat-Pilesers I., Babylonien anzugreifen”. Orientalia 72: 204–210.Google Scholar
Llop, J. 2013. “The Eponym Bēr-nādin-apli and the Documents Referring to the Expeditions of the City of Tille in the Reign of Tukultī-Ninurta I (1233–1197 B.C.E.)” in Feliu, L., Llop, J., Albà, A. Millet and Sanmartín, J., eds. Time and History in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 56th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale at Barcelona, 26–30 July 2010. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, pp. 549–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahieu, B. 2018. “The Old and Middle Assyrian Calendars, and the Adoption of the Babylonian Calendar by Tiglath-pileser I (Attested in the Doppeldatierungen and in the Broken Obelisk)”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 24: 63–95.Google Scholar
Mahieu, B. 2020a. “The Settings of Tukultī-Ninurta I's Babylonian and Assyrian Kingships in Relation to His Eponyms”. Orientalia 89: 239–263.Google Scholar
Mahieu, B. 2020b. “The 40 years of Išme-Dagan I: From Ennam-Aššur until Puzur-d[D]N”. Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2020/51: 112–115.Google Scholar
Millard, A. R. 1970. “Fragments of Historical Texts from Nineveh: Middle Assyrian and Later Kings”. Iraq 32: 167–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millard, A. R. 1994. The Eponyms of the Assyrian Empire, 910–612 BC. State Archives of Assyria Studies 2. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project.Google Scholar
Na'aman, N. 1984. “Statements of Time-Spans by Babylonian and Assyrian Kings and Mesopotamian Chronology”. Iraq 46: 115–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nassouhi, E. 1927. “Grande liste des rois d'Assyrie”. Archiv für Orientforschung 4: 1–11.Google Scholar
Paulus, S. 2014. Die babylonischen Kudurru-Inschriften von der kassitischen bis zur frühneubabylonischen Zeit: Untersucht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung gesellschafts- und rechtshistorischer Fragestellungen. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 51. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Google Scholar
Poebel, A. 1942. “The Assyrian King List from Khorsabad”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1: 247–306, 460–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poebel, A. 1943. “The Assyrian King List from Khorsabad–Concluded”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2: 56–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poebel, A. 1955. The Second Dynasty of Isin according to a New King-List Tablet. Assyriological Studies 15. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Pruzsinszky, R. 2002–2005. “Zum Verständnis der assyrischen Distanzangaben: Beiträge zur assyrischen Chronologie”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 14: 23–31.Google Scholar
Pruzsinszky, R. 2006a. “Die ‘verkürzte mittlere Chronologie’ unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Distanzangabe des Tukultī-Ninurta I.”. Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2006/13: 11–12.Google Scholar
Pruzsinszky, R. 2006b. “Šamšī-Adads I. ‘neue’ Regierungsdaten und assyrische Distanzangaben” in Czerny, E., Hein, I., Hunger, H., Melman, D. and Schwab, A., eds. Timelines: Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak. Vol. 3. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 149/3. Louvain: Peeters, pp. 73–79.Google Scholar
Pruzsinszky, R. 2009. Mesopotamian Chronology of the 2nd Millennium B.C.: An Introduction to the Textual Evidence and Related Chronological Issues. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 56; Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean 22. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reade, J. E. 2001. “Assyrian King-lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60: 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowton, M. B. 1958. “The Date of Hammurabi”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 17: 97–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowton, M. B. 1966. “The Material from Western Asia and the Chronology of the Nineteenth Dynasty”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 25: 240–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sassmannshausen, L. 2006. “Zur mesopotamischen Chronologie des 2. Jahrtausends”. Baghdader Mitteilungen 37: 157–177.Google Scholar
Schroeder, O. 1920. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur. E: Inschriften 3; Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 35. Leipzig: Hinrichs.Google Scholar
Tadmor, H., Landsberger, B. and Parpola, S.. 1989. “The Sin of Sargon and Sennacherib's Last Will”. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 3: 3–51.Google Scholar
Ungnad, A. 1938. “Eponymen” in Ebeling, E. and Meissner, B., eds. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie. Vol. 2: Ber – Ezur. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 412–457.Google Scholar
Valk, J. 2019. “The Origins of the Assyrian King List”. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 6: 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2000. “Old Assyrian Chronology”. Akkadica 119–120: 137–150.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2003. The Old Assyrian List of Year Eponyms from Karum Kanish and Its Chronological Implications. Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınlarından VI/64. Ankara: Turkish Historical Society.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2007. “The Old Assyrian List of Year Eponyms: Corrections, Additions and Chronology”. Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2007/49: 58–62.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2008. “The Old Assyrian Period” in Wäfler, M., ed. Mesopotamia: The Old Assyrian Period. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 160/5. Fribourg: Academic Press, pp. 13–264.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2017. “The Old Assyrian Period (20th–18th Century BCE)” in Frahm, E., ed. A Companion to Assyria. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, pp. 57–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villard, P. 1995. “Shamshi-Adad and Sons: The Rise and Fall of an Upper Mesopotamian Empire” in Sasson, J. M., ed. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 2. New York, N.Y.: Scribner, pp. 873–883.Google Scholar
Weidner, E. F. 1917. Studien zur assyrisch-babylonischen Chronologie und Geschichte auf Grund neuer Funde. Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch-Ägyptischen Gesellschaft 20/4 (1915). Leipzig: Hinrichs.Google Scholar
Weidner, E. F. 1945–1951. “Bemerkungen zur Königsliste aus Chorsābād”. Archiv für Orientforschung 15: 85–102.Google Scholar
Younger, K. L. Jr. 2017. “Tiglath-pileser I and the Initial Conflicts of the Assyrians with the Arameans” in Berlejung, A., Maeir, A. M. and Schüle, A., eds. Wandering Arameans: Arameans outside Syria: Textual and Archaeological Perspectives. Leipziger Altorientalistische Studien 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 194–227.Google Scholar