Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T01:12:58.070Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Mongol Invasion in Iranian Drama: The Case of Bahram Beyzaie

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari
Affiliation:
University of Tehran
Mahsa Manavi
Affiliation:
University of Tarbiat Moallem (Tehran)

Abstract

New Historicists view history as a text through whose discontinuities and breaks the repressed and suppressed voices find ways of articulation. Likewise, a literary text, in its underlying layers, alludes to the historical conditions at the time of its production. In some cases, as in Bahram Beyzaie's works, however, the author intentionally uses the past to reread the present. He recreates history as a text in which the voices repressed in the classified history are heard. As the Mongols played an important role in the history of Iran, some of Beyzaie's works pay particular attention to them. This paper analyzes some of Beyzaie's plays and screenplays to investigate the presentation of the Mongols in his fictional worlds.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Iranian Studies 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Felman, Soshanan, Testimony: Crisis of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis and History (London and New York, 1992), 93111, 93Google Scholar; quoted in McQuillan, Martin, The Narrative Reader (London, 2000), 262.Google Scholar

2 Bressler, Charles E., Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice (Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2007), 214.Google Scholar

3 Bressler, Literary Criticism, 214.

4 Montrose, Louis, “Professing the Renaissance: The Poetics and Politics of Culture,” in The New Historicism, ed. Adam Veeser, H. (New York and London, 1989), 20.Google Scholar

5 Abrams, M.H., A Glossary of Literary Terms, 10th ed. (Boston, 2009), 219–20.Google Scholar

6 Abrams, A Glossary, 220.

7 Beyzaie, Bahram, Namayesh dar Iran (Tehran, 2010), 17.Google Scholar

8 See Tahami-Nezhad, Mohammad, “Beyzaie va Tarikh,” in Sar Zadan be Khaneh-ye Pedari, ed. Tavazo'i, Jaber (Tehran, 2004), 30.Google Scholar

9 Tahami-Nezhad, “Beyzaie va Tarikh,” 28.

10 Tahami-Nezhad, “Beyzaie va Tarikh,” 28.

11 Amiri, Nushabeh, Jedal ba Jahl (Tehran, 2009), 25–6.Google Scholar

12 Beyzaie, Namayesh dar Iran. 16.

13 Morgan, David, The Mongols (Oxford, 2007), 65.Google Scholar

14 Ashtiyani, Abbas Eqbal, Tarikh-e Moqhol (Tehran, 2000), 21–3.Google Scholar

15 Morgan, The Mongols, 84.

16 Beyzaie, Bahram, Tarajnameh (Tehran, 2011), 49.Google Scholar

17 Joveyni, Ata Malek, Tarikh-e Jahangosha-ye Joveyni, ed. Qazvini, Mohammad (Tehran, 1991), 7981.Google Scholar

18 Eqbal Ashtiyani, Tarikh-e Moghol, 23.

19 Joveini, Tarikh-e, 134.

20 Moradi, Hassan Ghazi, Estebdad dar Iran (Tehran, 2010), 241.Google Scholar

21 Ghazi Moradi, Estebdad, 64.

22 As Abrams defines it, “This literary mode parallels the flouting of authority and the temporary inversion of social hierarchies that, in many cultures, are permitted during a season of carnival. The literary work does so by introducing a mingling of voices from diverse social levels that are free to mock and subvert authority, to flout social norms.” See Abrams, A Glossary, 77–8.

23 Beyzaie, Bahram, Tarikh-e Serri-ye Sultan dar Abskun (Tehran, 2008), 41–2.Google Scholar

24 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 50–51.

25 Eqbal Ashtiyani, Tarikh-e Moqhol, 10.

26 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 43.

27 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 10.

28 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 37.

29 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 48.

30 Morgan, The Mongols, 47.

31 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 24–5.

32 Ghazi Moradi, Estebdad, 27.

33 Katouzian, Homa, Tazzad-e Dolat va Mellat, Nazariyeh-ye Tarikh va Siasat dar Iran (Tehran, 2002), 89.Google Scholar

34 Katouzian, Tazzad-e Dolat, 101.

35 See Katouzian, Homa, Noh Maqaleh dar Jame'eh-shenasi-ye Tarikhi-ye (Tehran, 1998), 7282.Google Scholar

36 Eqbal Ashtiani, Tarikh-e Moqhol, 26.

37 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 43.

38 Machiavelli, Niccolo, The Prince, trans. Bull, George (London, 1999), 51.Google Scholar

39 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 43.

40 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 6.

41 Morgan, The Mongols, 47.

42 Bressler, Literary Criticism, 46.

43 Amiri, Jedal ba Jahl, 36.

44 Amiri, Jedal ba Jahl, 37.

45 Beyzaie, Tarikh-e, 5.

46 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 41.

47 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 5.

48 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 25.

49 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 9.

50 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 7–8.

51 Beyzaie, Namayesh dar Iran, 17.

52 Zibakalam, Sadeq, Ma Cheguneh Ma Shodim? (Tehran, 2008), 177.Google Scholar

53 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 9.

54 Beyzaie, Bahram, Qesseh-ha-ye Mir-e Kafanpush (Tehran, 2001), 34.Google Scholar

55 Beyzaie, Namayesh dar Iran, 17.

56 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 13.

57 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 45.

58 Ghazi Moradi, Estebdad, 192.

59 Beyzaie, Namayesh dar Iran, 17.

60 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 13.

61 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 51.

62 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 61.

63 Beyzaie, Bahram, Aiyar-e Tanha (Tehran, 1389), 65.Google Scholar

64 Beyzaie, Aiyar-e Tanha, 18.

65 Bayani, Shirin, Din va Dolat dar Ahd-e Moqol (Tehran, 1992), 753.Google Scholar Khanqah is a center of religious practice for some of the mystic denominations of Islam in Iran.

66 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 66.

67 Amiri, Jedal ba Jahl, 27.

68 Amiri, Jedal ba Jahl, 30.

69 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 96.

70 Sattari, Jalal, Hovviat e Melli va Hovviat-e Farhangi (Tehran, 2001), 96.Google Scholar

71 Beyzaie, Aiyar-e Tanha, 72.

72 Zibakalam, Ma Cheguneh, 36.

73 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 57.

74 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 40.

75 Beyzaie, Namayesh dar Iran, 17.

76 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 13.

77 Beyzaie, Aiyar-e Tanha, 67–8.

78 Joveini, Tarikh-e, 13 and 86.

79 See Bayani, Din va Dowlat, 730–37.

80 Beyzaie, Bahram, Aiyarnameh (Tehran, 2007), 15.Google Scholar

81 Bayani, Din va Dowlat, 755.

82 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 75.

83 Beyzaie, Bahram, Fathnameh- ye Kallat (Tehran, 1983), 42.Google Scholar

84 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 19.

85 Beyzaie, Aiyar-e Tanha, 7 and 9.

86 Amiri, Jedal ba Jahl, 28.

87 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 72.

88 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 95.

89 Beyzaie, Qesseh-ha-ye, 91.

90 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 10.

91 See Joveini, Tarikh-e, 68, 84, 98, 103, 128.

92 Zibakalam, Ma Cheguneh, 161.

93 Beyzaie, Aiyar-e Tanha, 64.

94 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 75.

95 Beyzaie, Aiyar-e Tanha, 59

96 Zibakalam, Ma Cheguneh, 26, 53, 142.

97 Beyzaie, Aiyarnameh, 45.

98 Morgan, The Mongols, 65.

99 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 66.

100 Beyzaie, Bahram, Ahoo, Selandar, Talhak va Digaran (Tehran, 2010), 29.Google Scholar

101 Beyzaie, Bahram, Fathnameh- ye Kallat (Tehran, 1983), 143–4.Google Scholar

102 Safa, Zabihollah, Tarikh e Adabiyat-e Iran, Jeld-e Sevvom (Tehran, 1972), 308.Google Scholar

103 Beyzaie, Tarajnameh, 42.