Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T10:59:18.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Frailty and depression in centenarians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 September 2017

Oscar Ribeiro ,
Natália Duarte ,
Laetitia Teixeira  and
Constança Paúl
Oscar Ribeiro*
Affiliation:
UnIFai and CINTESIS.ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto; ISSSP, Porto; University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Natália Duarte
Affiliation:
UnIFai.ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Laetitia Teixeira
Affiliation:
UnIFai and CINTESIS.ICBAS and ISPUP-EPIUnit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Constança Paúl
Affiliation:
UnIFai and CINTESIS.ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Oscar Ribeiro, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Phone: +351220428161. Email: osribeiro@icbas.up.pt.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

Physical frailty and depression are common comorbid conditions that have important impact on older adults. Few studies however have examined their co-occurrence in centenarians. This paper explores the relationship between the two conditions and the most characteristic depressive symptoms associated with the frailty syndrome.

Methods:

Data come from two Portuguese Centenarian Studies. Frailty was measured using Fried's phenotype, which includes at least three clinical signs: exhaustion, weight loss, weakness, slowness, and low physical activity level; the Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression. Descriptive comparison and binary logistic regression models were used for data analysis.

Results:

The final sample comprised 91 centenarians (mean age = 101.0, SD = 1.3; 85.7% female). From these, 5.5% were classified as robust, 42.9% as pre-frail, and 51.6% as frail. The prevalence of depression in the whole sample was 35.2% (51.1% in frail centenarians; 21.1% in pre-frail centenarians; 0% in robust centenarians). Frail centenarians presented higher risk of depression (OR = 3.92; 95% CI 1.48–10.4) when compared to pre-frail centenarians. Findings from the multivariable model (gender, living arrangements, education, cognition, subjective health, current illness, and functionality) revealed that only subjective health remained significant.

Conclusion:

It seems that depression is a comorbid clinical independent condition that is frequent in frail and pre-frail centenarians.

Keywords

depressionfrailty phenotypecentenariansgeriatric depression scale
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , January 2018 , pp. 115 - 124
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Apóstolo, J. (2011). Adaptation into European Portuguese of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Paper presented at the XI Conferência Iberoamericana de Educação em Enfermagem da ALADEF, Coimbra, Portugal.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. C. (2010). Depression in Later Life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collard, R. M., Boter, H. and Schoevers, R. A. (2012). Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60, 1487–1492. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duarte, N., Teixeira, L., Ribeiro, O. and Paúl, C. (2014). Frailty phenotype criteria in centenarians: findings from the Oporto Centenarian Study. European Geriatric Medicine, 5, 371–376, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fillenbaum, G. G. (1988). Multidimensional Functional Assessment of Older Adults: The Duke Older Americans Resources and Services Procedures. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.Google Scholar
Folstein, M., Folstein, S. and McHugh, P. (1975). ‘Mini-mental state’. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fried, L. P. et al. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56, 146–157. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gobbens, R. J. J., van Assen, M. A. L. M., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T. and Schols, J. M. (2010). The tilburg frailty indicator: psychometric properties. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 1, 344–355. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2009.11.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Pichardo, A. M. et al. (2013). Association between self-reported health status and frailty in community-dwelling elderly. The Journal of Frailty and Aging, 3, 104–108. doi: 10.14283/jfa.2014.9.Google Scholar
Greenberg, S. A. (2007). How to try this: the geriatric depression scale: short form. The American Journal of Nursing, 10, 60–69. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000292204.52313.f3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, D. and Feng, Q. (2015). Frailty still matters to health and survival in centenarians: the case of China. BMC Geriatrics, 15, 59. doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0159-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guerreiro, M., Silva, A., Botelho, M., Leitão, O., Castro-Caldas, A. and Garcia, C. (1994). Adaptação à população portuguesa da tradução do mini mental state examination [Adaptation to the Portuguese population of the Mini-Mental State Examination]. Revista Portuguesa De Neurologia, 1, 9–10.Google Scholar
Holtsberg, P. A., Poon, L. W., Noble, C. A. and Martin, P. (1995). Mini Mental State Exam status of community-dwelling cognitively intact centenarians. International Psychogeriatrics, 7, 417–427. doi:10.1017/S104161029500216X.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwan, J. S. K., Lau, B. H. P. and Cheung, K. S. L. (2016). Toward a comphreensive model of frailty: an emerging concept from the Hong Kong Centenarian study. The Journal of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine, 16, 536. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.03.005.Google Scholar
Lau, B. H., Kwan, J. S. and Cheung, K. S. (2016a). Overlap of frailty, comorbidity, disability, and poor self-rated health in community-dwelling near-centenarians and centenarians. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64 (4), 900–901. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14063 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lau, B. H., Kwan, J. S., Cheung, K. S. and Martin, P. (2016b). Depression moderates the frailty-subjective health link among Chinese near centenarians and centenarians, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lohman, M., Dumenci, L. and Mezuk, B. (2014). Sex differences in the construct overlap of frailty and depression: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62, 500–505. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lohman, M., Dumenci, L. and Mezuk, B. (2016). Depression and frailty in late life: evidence for a common vulnerability. Journal of Gerontology series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71, 630–640. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mezuk, B., Edwards, L., Lohman, M., Choi, M. and Lapane, K. (2012). Depression and frailty in later life: a systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, 879–92. doi: 10.1002/gps.2807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mhaoláin, A. M. N. et al. (2012). Frailty, depression and anxiety in later life. International Psychogeriatrics, 24, 1265–1274. doi: 10.1017/S1041610211002110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nascimento, P. P. P., Batistoni, S. S. T. and Neri, A. L. (2016). Frailty and depressive symptoms in older adults: data from the FIBRA study – UNICAMP. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-016-0033-9.Google Scholar
Nybo, H., Gaist, D., Jeune, B. McGue, M, Vaupel, J. W. and Christensen, K. (2001). Functional status and self-rated health in 2,262 nonagenarians: the danish 1905 cohort survey. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 601–609. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49121.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J. and Crook, T. (1982). The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136–1139. doi: 10.1176/ajp.139.9.1136.Google ScholarPubMed
Ribeiro, O., Araújo, L., Teixeira, L., Brandão, D., Duarte, N. and Paúl, C. (2015). Oporto centenarian study. In Pachana NA, N. A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Geropsychology. Singapure: Springer Science + Business Media. doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_141-1.Google Scholar
Rockwood, K. et al. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173, 489–495. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.050051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodrigues, R. M. C. (2008).Validação da versão em português europeu de questionário de avaliação funcional multidimensional de idosos. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 23, 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892008000200006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez-Mañas, L. and Fried, L.P. (2015). Frailty in the clinical scenario, Lancet, 385, e7–e9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61595-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheetz, L. T., Martin, P. and Poon, L. W. (2012). Do centenarians show higher levels of depression? Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60, 238–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03828.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J. and Balfour, J. L. (1998). Antecedents of frailty in three decades in an older cohort. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sand Social Sciences, 53, S9–S16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, L.,Corbin, A. L. and Goveas, J. S. (2015). Depression and frailty in later life: a systematic review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 15, 1947–1958. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S69632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar