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Cognitive reserve and working memory in cognitive performance of adults with subjective cognitive complaints: longitudinal structural equation modeling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2019

Cristina Lojo-Seoane Open the ORCID record for Cristina Lojo-Seoane [Opens in a new window] ,
David Facal ,
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos ,
Arturo X. Pereiro ,
María Campos-Magdaleno ,
Sabela C. Mallo Open the ORCID record for Sabela C. Mallo [Opens in a new window]  and
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Cristina Lojo-Seoane*
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
David Facal
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience, UB Institute of Complex Systems, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain
Arturo X. Pereiro
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
María Campos-Magdaleno
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Sabela C. Mallo
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Affiliation:
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Cristina Lojo-Seoane, Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n; Campus Vida. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, España, Spain. Phone: + 34 600 942 412; Fax: + 34 881 813 901. Email: cristina.lojo@usc.es.
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Abstract

Objective:

To study the influence of cognitive reserve (CR) on cognitive performance of individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) within a period of 36 months.

Design:

We used a general linear model repeated measures procedure to analyze the differences in performance between three assessments. We used a longitudinal structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between CR and cognitive performance at baseline and at two follow-up assessments.

Setting:

Participants with SCCs were recruited and assessed in primary care health centers.

Participants:

A total of 212 participants older than 50 years with SCCs.

Measurements:

Cognitive reserve data were collected with an ad hoc questionnaire administered to the subjects in an interview. General cognitive performance (GCP), episodic memory (EM), and working memory (WM) have been evaluated. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the total score of Spanish version of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination evaluated the GCP. Episodic memory was assessed with the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning. Working memory was evaluated by the counting span task and the listening span task.

Results:

The satisfactory fit of the proposed model confirmed the direct effects of CR on WM and GCP at baseline, as well as indirect effects on EM and WM at first and second follow-up. Indirect effects of CR on other cognitive constructs via WM were observed over time.

Conclusion:

The proposed model is useful for measuring the influence of CR on cognitive performance over time. Cognitive response acquired throughout life may influence cognitive performance in old age and prevent cognitive deterioration, thus increasing processing resources via WM.

Keywords

episodic memorypreventioncognitive impairmenteducationlifestyleaging
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 32 , Issue 4: Issue Theme: Serious Mental Illnesses in Older Adults , April 2020 , pp. 515 - 524
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2019

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