Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T09:30:22.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Bahasa Malaysia version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: validation in stroke

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2014

Ramesh Sahathevan ,
Katijjahbe Mohd Ali ,
Fiona Ellery ,
Noor Farhanis Mohamad ,
Nashrah Hamdan ,
Norlinah Mohd Ibrahim ,
Leonid Churilov  and
Toby B. Cumming
Ramesh Sahathevan
Affiliation:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
Katijjahbe Mohd Ali
Affiliation:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Fiona Ellery
Affiliation:
Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
Noor Farhanis Mohamad
Affiliation:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nashrah Hamdan
Affiliation:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Norlinah Mohd Ibrahim
Affiliation:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Leonid Churilov
Affiliation:
Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Toby B. Cumming*
Affiliation:
Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr Toby Cumming, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia. Phone: +61-3-9035-7152; Fax: +61-3-9496-2251. Email: toby.cumming@florey.edu.au.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

Many stroke research trials do not include assessment of cognitive function. A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial (AVERT) is an international multicenter study that includes the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as an outcome. At the Malaysian AVERT site, completion of the MoCA has been limited by low English proficiency in some participants. We aimed to develop a Bahasa Malaysia (BM) version of the MoCA and to validate it in a stroke population.

Methods:

The original English version of the MoCA was translated into BM and then back-translated to ensure accuracy. Feasibility testing in a group of stroke patients prompted minor changes to the BM MoCA. In the validation phase, a larger group of bilingual stroke patients completed both the original English MoCA and the finalized BM MoCA, with presentation order counter-balanced.

Results:

Forty stroke patients participated, with a mean age of 57.2 (SD = 10.3). Agreement between BM MoCA and English MoCA was strong (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.90). Scores on BM MoCA were slightly higher than scores on English MoCA (median absolute difference = 2.0, IQR 0–3.5), and this difference was present regardless of which version was completed first.

Conclusions:

The existence of a validated BM version of the MoCA will be of major benefit to clinicians and researchers in Malaysia and the wider South-east Asian region, where the Malay language is used by over 200 million people.

Keywords

cerebral vascular diseaseneuropsychological testingcognitive assessmentscreening
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 26 , Issue 5 , May 2014 , pp. 781 - 786
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, C. A., Arciniegas, D. B. and Filley, C. M. (2005). Treatment of acute ischemic stroke: does it impact neuropsychiatric outcome? Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 17, 486–488.Google Scholar
Barker-Collo, S., Feigin, V. L., Parag, V., Lawes, C. M. and Senior, H. (2010). Auckland stroke outcomes study. Part 2: cognition and functional outcomes 5 years poststroke. Neurology, 75, 1608–1616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernhardt, J. et al. (2007). Lancet Protocol Review: Protocol 06PRT/5424: A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial (AVERT): phase III. The Lancet (on-line).Google Scholar
Blake, H., McKinney, M., Treece, K., Lee, E. and Lincoln, N. B. (2002). An evaluation of screening measures for cognitive impairment after stroke. Age & Ageing, 31, 451–456.Google Scholar
Cumming, T. B., Bernhardt, J. and Linden, T. (2011). The MoCA: short cognitive assessment in a large stroke trial. Stroke, 42, 2642–2644.Google Scholar
Cumming, T. B., Churilov, L., Linden, T. and Bernhardt, J. (2013). Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination are both valid cognitive tools in stroke. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 128, 122–129.Google Scholar
Feigin, V. L. and Krishnamurthi, R. (2011). Stroke prevention in the developing world. Stroke, 42, 3655–3658.Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujiwara, Y. et al. (2010). Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 10, 225–232.Google Scholar
Godefroy, O. et al. (2011). Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination to detect poststroke cognitive impairment? A study with neuropsychological evaluation. Stroke, 42, 1712–1716.Google Scholar
Hachinski, V. et al. (2006). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards.[see comment; erratum appears in Stroke, 2007; 38(3):1118. Note: Wallin, Anders (added)]. Stroke, 37, 2220–2241.Google Scholar
Hu, J.-b. et al. (2013). Cross-cultural difference and validation of the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in older adults residing in Eastern China: preliminary findings. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56, 38–43.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, N. M. et al. (2009). Validation study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in a Malay-speaking elderly population in Malaysia. Dementia & Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 27, 247–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisser, J. E., Wendell, C. R., Spencer, R. J. and Waldstein, S. R. (2012). Neuropsychological performance of native versus non-native English speakers. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 749–755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lees, R., Fearon, P., Harrison, J. K., Broomfield, N. M. and Quinn, T. J. (2012). Cognitive and mood assessment in stroke research. Stroke, 43, 1678–1680.Google Scholar
Nasreddine, Z. S. et al. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 695–699.Google Scholar
Nys, G. M., van Zandvoort, M. J., de Kort, P. L., Jansen, B. P., Kappelle, L. J. and de Haan, E. H. (2005). Restrictions of the Mini-Mental State Examination in acute stroke. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 623–629.Google Scholar
Nys, G. M. et al. (2006). Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 247, 149–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pendlebury, S. T., Mariz, J., Bull, L., Mehta, Z. and Rothwell, P. M. (2012). MoCA, ACE-R, and MMSE versus the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Canadian Stroke Network Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization Standards Neuropsychological Battery after TIA and stroke. Stroke, 43, 464–469.Google Scholar
Pendlebury, S. T. and Rothwell, P. M. (2009). Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurology, 8, 1006–1018.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Razali, R. et al. (2012). Factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among elderly patients attending medical clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Sains Malaysiana, 41, 641–647.Google Scholar
Srikanth, V. et al. (2006). The validity of brief screening cognitive instruments in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia after first-ever stroke. International Psychogeriatrics, 18, 295–305.Google Scholar
Ukraintseva, S., Sloan, F., Arbeev, K. and Yashin, A. (2006). Increasing rates of dementia at time of declining mortality from stroke. Stroke, 37, 1155–1159.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Sahathevan Supplementary Material

Appendix

Download Sahathevan Supplementary Material(File)
File 87.2 KB