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Associations between caregiving status, acculturation, and psychological distress in a diverse sample

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2022

Julia P. Nguyen ,
Diane Hoang ,
Kieran Zhou ,
Danielle J. Harvey ,
QuynhAnh Dam  and
Oanh L. Meyer Open the ORCID record for Oanh L. Meyer [Opens in a new window]
Julia P. Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Diane Hoang
Affiliation:
Foresight Mental Health, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
Kieran Zhou
Affiliation:
Shanghai Unionlab Co., Ltd. Shanghai, CN, USA
Danielle J. Harvey
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
QuynhAnh Dam
Affiliation:
San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
Oanh L. Meyer*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Oanh L. Meyer, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 5218; Fax: +1 916703 5290. E-mail: olmeyer@ucdavis.edu.
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Abstract

Objectives:

Increasingly diverse caregiver populations have prompted studies examining culture and caregiver outcomes. Still, little is known about the influence of sociocultural factors and how they interact with caregiving context variables to influence psychological health. We explored the role of caregiving and acculturation factors on psychological distress among a diverse sample of adults.

Design:

Secondary data analysis of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).

Participants:

The 2009 CHIS surveyed 47,613 adults representative of the population of California. This study included Latino and Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) caregivers and non-caregivers (n = 13,161).

Measurements:

Multivariate weighted regression analyses examined caregiver status and acculturation variables (generational status, language of interview, and English language proficiency) and their associations with psychological distress (Kessler-6 scale). Covariates included caregiving context (e.g., support and neighborhood factors) and demographic variables.

Results:

First generation caregivers had more distress than first-generation non-caregivers (β=0.92, 95% CI: (0.18, 1.65)); the difference in distress between caregivers and non-caregivers was smaller in the third than first generation (β=-1.21, 95% CI: (-2.24, -0.17)). Among those who did not interview in English (β=1.17, 95% CI: (0.13, 2.22)) and with low English proficiency (β=2.60, 95% CI: (1.21, 3.98)), caregivers reported more distress than non-caregivers.

Conclusions:

Non-caregivers exhibited the "healthy immigrant effect," where less acculturated individuals reported less distress. In contrast, caregivers who were less acculturated reported more distress.

Keywords

acculturationmental healthdistresscaregivingsocial determinants
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , First View , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2022

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