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Effect of heat treatment on developmental stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored adzuki bean Vigna angularis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2006

C. Mekasha ,
O. Dzolkifli ,
S. Yusuf ,
M. Rita  and
O. Noorma
C. Mekasha*
Affiliation:
Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 32, Ethiopia
O. Dzolkifli
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, PO Box 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
S. Yusuf
Affiliation:
Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, PO Box 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
M. Rita
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, PO Box 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
O. Noorma
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, PO Box 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*
* E-mail: mekasha@fastmail.fm and mekashach@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Effect of heating on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) in Vigna angularis (Willd.), Ohwi & Ohashi, seed was assessed using an 118° obtuse base angle solar box heater. The box heater was constructed with 1.2 mm thick sheet metal, glued inside with aluminium foil and insulated on the outside by fixing 1 cm thick polystyrene and glazed with 0.15 mm thick clear plastic sheet. Electric energy from a solar simulator panel adjusted to simulate heat trapped from natural solar energy was used. Exposure of the various developmental stages of C. maculatus infesting adzuki bean seed to heat for 45 min and more raised the temperature between and within the seeds well in excess of the lethal level (>60 °C) and resulted in complete control. Heating at 60°C of up to 3 cm adzuki bean seed (seven to eight seed layers) took about 1 h and resulted in complete control of the pest. This would enable this heater to treat large amounts of seed at a time compared with solar heaters demonstrated so far in which only a single layer of seed can be treated. Therefore, solar heating of infested adzuki bean seeds using the aforementioned box heater around noon, for 1 h, gives effective control of C. maculatus. Results of the effect of heat treatment on seed viability and moisture content showed that adzuki bean seed germination is affected by heating; hence seed meant for planting should not be heat treated to control storage insect pests. Heat treatment also did not affect seed moisture content.

L'influence du chauffage sur la survie de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) dans des graines de Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi a été évaluée à I'aide d'une étuve solaire à base obtuse de 118°. La paroi de I'étuve est constituée d'une épaisse feuille de métal de 1, 2 mm, habillée à I'intérieur d'une feuille d'aluminium et isolée à I'extérieur par une épaisse couche de polystyréne, recouverte par une épaisse feuille de plastique transparent de 0, 15 mm. L'énergie électrique a été obtenue à partir d'un panneau solaire. On a chauffé des graines de V. angularis infestées par les différents stades de développment de C. maculatus pendant au moins 45 min afin de dépasser la température létale (>60°C) et d'obtenir un contrôle total. Le chauffage à 60°C d'une épaisseur de graines de 3 cm (7 à 8 couches de graines) pendant 1 h a permis d'obtenir un contrôle total. Cette étuve devrait permettre de contrôler une grande quantité de graines en peu de temps comparé aux étuves solaires utilisées jusque là, dans lesquelles une seule couche de graines peut être traitée à la fois. Les effects de la chaleur sur la viabilité et la teneur en eau montrent que le pouvoir de germination des graines est affecté par le chauffage, aussi, les graines conservées comme semences ne doivent pas être traitées à la chaleur pour le contrôle des insectes des denrées stockées. Par ailleurs, le chauffage ne modifie pas la teneur en eau des graines.

Keywords

Callosobruchus maculatus, Vigna angularistraitement thermiqueétuve solaireCallosobruchus maculatusVigna angularisheat treatmentsolar heater
Type
In Brief
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 273 - 279
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2006

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