Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T08:54:18.417Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Lands Once Part of the Old Dominions of the Crown

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2008

Extract

Of all the rights of indigenous people, none is more central to the survival of their culture than the claim to their ancestral lands. The resolution of their claims to ancestral lands is one of the fundamental issues of our time—indeed of all time. Often called a human rights issue—a description apt to reinforce the strong moral foundations of the claims of the indigenous peoples—it is an issue which we cannot ignore. Throughout the world people of all races and all colours have a powerful emotional attachment to their ancestral lands. That attachment is the very core of a people's culture and is vital to the survival of the culture. As the UN Human Rights Committee has recognised, in the context of the exercise of cultural rights protected by Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, “culture manifests itself in many forms, including a particular way of life associated with the use of land resources”.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Institute of International and Comparative Law 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. “General Comments, The Human Rights Committee”, General Comment No.23(50) (Art.27) (15th Session, 1994), (1994) 1 HRR 1, para.7.Google Scholar

2. Blackstone's Commentaries, Bk.I, chap.4, p. 107.Google Scholar

3. (1889) 14 App.Cas. 286.Google Scholar

4. In Re Southern Rhodesia [1919] A.C. 211, 233.Google Scholar

5. Idem., pp.233–234.

6. Amodu Tijani v. Secretary, Southern Nigeria [1921] 2 A.C. at 403404.Google Scholar

7. St Catherine's Milling & Lumber Co. v. R. (1888) 14 App.Cas. 46Google Scholar; Attorney for Quebec v. Attorney-General for Canada [1921] 1 A.C. 401Google Scholar; see also Adeyinka Oyekan v. Musendiku Adele [1957] 1 W.L.R. at 880.Google Scholar

8. Amodu Tijani, supra n.6, at p.403.Google Scholar

9. Attorney-General (NSW) v. Brown (1847) 1 Legge 312.Google Scholar

10. Ibid.

11. (1992) 175 C.L.R. 1.Google Scholar

12. (1889)14 App.Cas.286.Google Scholar

13. Idem., p.291.

14. (1971) 17 F.L.R. 141.Google Scholar

15. Idem., p.267.

16. (1992) 175 C.L.R. 1.Google Scholar

17. In Mabo (No. 2), idem., Toohey J was alone in the view that a fiduciary relationship existed (at 199–205), though Brennan J considered that the surrender of Aboriginal land rights on terms that the Crown would secure an alternative tenure for an Aboriginal people could conceivably generate such a duty (at 60).

18. See Breen v.Williams (1996) 138 A.L.R. 259.Google Scholar

19. St Catherine's Milling, supra n.7, at pp.5859Google Scholar; Smith v. The Queen (1983) 147 D.L.R. (3rd) 237.Google Scholar

20. Nireaha Tamaki, v. Baker [1901] A.C. 561, 579; see also Canadian Pacific Ltd v. Paul (1989) 53 D.L.R. (4th) 487.Google Scholar

21. Calder v. Attorney-General for British Columbia [1973] S.C.R. 313.Google Scholar

22. Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1993) 104 D.L.R. (4th) 470.Google Scholar

23. [1984] 2 S.C.R. 335Google Scholar; see also Sparrow v. The Queen [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1075.Google Scholar

24. [1984] 2 S.C.R. 335, 382.Google Scholar

25. Canadian Pacific Ltd v. Paul [1988] 2 S.C.R. 654, 678.Google Scholar

26. Sparrow, supra n.23.

27. idem, p. 1113.

28. (1847) N.Z.P.C.C. 387, 390391.Google Scholar

29. Nireaha Tamaki v. Baker [1901] A.C. 561, 579.Google Scholar

30. [1987] 1 N.Z.L.R. 641.Google Scholar

31. idem, p.664.

32. Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) 8 Wheat. 523Google Scholar; Worcester v. Georgia (1832) 21 U.S. 515.Google Scholar

33. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) 30 U.S. 12 at 17.Google Scholar

34. Art.VI, cl.2.

35. United States v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad (1942) 314 U.S. 339.Google Scholar

36. Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States (1955) 348 U.S. 272.Google Scholar

37. United States v. Mitchell (1983) 463 U.S. 206, 225.Google Scholar

38. (1995) 183 C.L.R. 373.Google Scholar

39. Ibid.

40. Native Title Act 1994 (Cth), s.39.Google Scholar

41. Ibid, s.39(1).

42. (1996) 141 A.L.R. 129.Google Scholar

43. Sydney Morning Herald, 20 Feb. 1997, p.1.Google Scholar

44. Negotiations were subsequently resumed and resulted in the making of an agreement which did not contain the Commission's human rights protection clause.

45. (1995) 128 A.L.R. 353.Google Scholar

46. S.51(xxxi).

47. See Magennis v. Commonwealth (1949) 80 C.L.R. 382.Google Scholar

48. Communication No.167/1984, adopted on 26 Mar. 1990. U.N. Doc.A/45/40/p.1.Google Scholar

49. Kitok v. Sweden, Human Rights Committee, U.N.Doc.A/36/40 reprinted in selected Decisions under Optional Protocol, Vol.1, p.83; Lansman v. Finland, Human Rights Committee, U.N.DOC.CCPR/52/D.511/1992.Google Scholar

50. Lester, “The Impact of Europe on the British Constitution” (1992) 3 Public Law Rev. 228, 232.Google Scholar

51. Of more potential interest to the Aboriginal people is the draft UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Arts.7, 12, 13, 19, 25, 26 and 27 of the draft address matters, among others, of direct concern to the Australian Aboriginal peoples.

52. Wentworth Lecture, “Native Title—the beginning or end of justice”, 12 Apr. 1996, Canberra.Google Scholar