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Prospective Observational Study of Candidemia in São Paulo, Brazil: Incidence Rate, Epidemiology, and Predictors of Mortality

Part of: WILLIAM JARVIS AWARD RECIPIENTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Arnaldo L. Colombo ,
Thaís Guimarães ,
Ligia R. B. F. Silva ,
Leila Paula de Almeida Monfardini ,
Anna Karenine B. Cunha ,
Patrícia Rady ,
Thelma Alves  and
Robert C. Rosas
Arnaldo L. Colombo*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Thaís Guimarães
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Ligia R. B. F. Silva
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
Leila Paula de Almeida Monfardini
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Anna Karenine B. Cunha
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Patrícia Rady
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Thelma Alves
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Robert C. Rosas
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Casa de Saúde Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil
*
Division of Infectious Diseases, R. Botucatu, 740 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil (colomboal@terra.com.br)
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Abstract

Background.

Studies conducted in tertiary care hospitals of different European countries and the United States have shown incidence rates of candidemia ranging from 0.17 to 0.76 and 0.28 to 0.96 per 1,000 admissions, respectively. So far, only 1 study has evaluated the incidence rates of candidemia in tertiary care hospitals in Latin American countries.

Objective.

To evaluate the epidemiology of candidemia in 4 tertiary care hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil.

Design.

Multicenter, laboratory-based surveillance of candidemia.

Results.

A total of 7,038 episodes of bloodstream infection were identified, and Candida species accounted for 282 cases (4%). The incidence rate of candidemia was 1.66 candidemic episodes per 1,000 hospital admissions. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated Candida species in all hospitals, but Candida species other than C. albicans accounted for 62% of isolates, including predominantly Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis. Azole resistance was restricted to only 2% of all Candida isolates (1 isolate of Candida glabrata and 4 isolates of Candida rugosa). Candidemia was mostly documented in surgical patients with long durations of hospital stay. The crude mortality rate was 61%, and advanced age and high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were both conditions independently associated with risk of death.

Conclusions.

We observed in our series a higher incidence rate of candidemia than that reported in European countries and the United States. Advanced age and a high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were factors associated with a higher probability of death in candidemic patients. Fluconazole-resistant Candida strains are still a rare finding in our case-based study of candidemia.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , May 2007 , pp. 570 - 576
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2007

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