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The Evolution of Contemporary Turkish Educational Thought

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2017

Frank A. Stone
Frank A. Stone*
Affiliation:
School of Education, University of Connecticut
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Extract

Intellectuals in many societies have been deeply concerned about education ever since the days of Socrates and Plato. They have speculated about how their youth should be taught and have protested when they believed that the schools were lapsing from these aims. Spokesmen of this variety are produced by most sophisticated societies, and modern Turkey is no exception. In addition, there are the relatively few innovative philosophers who are capable of creating more systematic theoretical systems. Several theorists of this second type have made their impact on Turkish educational thought since the turn of the century.

Type
Articles
Information
History of Education Quarterly , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , Summer 1973 , pp. 145 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © 1973 by New York University 

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References

Notes

1 These lines from Mehmet Emin Yurdakul's poem “Ilim” are reproduced by Dizdaroǧlu, Hikmet, “Türk Sazi ve M. E. Yurdakul”, Uyaniş 8(66), Ekim 1969, p. 20.Google Scholar

2 The poem is reprinted in Orhan Tütengil, Cavit, Ziya Gökalp üstüne notlar. (Istanbul, 1964), p. 44.Google Scholar

3 Nadi, Nadir, “Yokuş Aşaǧi”, Cumhuriyet, No. 16392, 18 March 1970, p. 1.Google Scholar

4 Dizdaroǧlu, Hikmet, Namik Kemǎl. (Istanbul, 1965), p. 41.Google Scholar

5 Hakki Tonguç, Ismail, Ilkoǧretim Kavrami. (Istanbul, 1946), p. 172.Google Scholar

6 Gökalp, Ziya, Türkçülüǧün Esaslari. (Istanbul, 1969), p. 29ff. The present translation is by the author. Varying interpretations can be found in Robert Devereux, (trans.), Gökalp, Ziya, The Principles of Turkism. (Leiden, 1968), p. 22 and Berkes, Niyazi, (ed. and trans.), Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization (New York, 1959), p. 104.Google Scholar

7 Gökalp, Ziya, Millǐ Terbiye ve Maarif Meselesi. (Diyabakir, 1964), p. 124. This article, which first appeared in İslǎm Mecmuasi (Islamic Journal) was later incorporated into his Türklesmek, İslǎmlaşmak, Muasirlaşmak. The article is translated to English in Berkes, Türkish Nationalism, p. 233ff.Google Scholar

8 Kolçak, Sabri, I. H. Baltacioǧlu: Eǧitimin Felsefesini Yapan Pedagog. (İzmir, 1968), p. 45ff.Google Scholar

9 Baltacioǧlu, I. H., Bu lǎyiha Terbiye. (İstanbul, 1932).Google Scholar

10 Kolçak, , İ. H. Baltacioǧlu, p. 60.Google Scholar

11 Hakki, İsmail, İçtimaǐ Mektep: Nazariyesi ve Prensipleri. (İstanbul, 1933).Google Scholar

12 An article about Tonguç by the present author entitled “A Pioneer in Turkish Village. Revitalization,” appeared in the Hacettepe Bulletin of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2 (2) December 1970 and contains more details on his thought as well as references to his works.Google Scholar

13 Millǐ Eǧitim Hareketleri: 1927–1966. (Ankara, 1967), p. 88.Google Scholar

14 See Köymen, N. K., Halk Eǧitimi Rehberi (Ankara, 1956), Buyuk Aydinliǧa Doǧru. (İstanbul, 1960), Davranmaliyiz. (İstanbul, 1963), Köycülük Bilimi. (Istanbul, 1964).Google Scholar

15 See “The Peace Corps and Its Critics”, Current Turkish Thought 1(5), Istanbul, 1970), pp. 11–13.Google Scholar

16 Yeni Türk-Eli 3(26), 11 January 1969, p. 30, contains biographical and bibliographical data concerning Turhan.Google Scholar

17 Garwood, David, (trans.) Where Are We in Westernization? (Istanbul, 1960). The original is Numtaz Turhan, Garplilasmanin Neresindeyiz? Fourth Edition. (İstanbul, 967), pp. 17ff.Google Scholar

18 Turhan, Mümtaz, Maarifimizin ana davalari ve bazi hal çareleri. (Istanbul, 1964), p. 7.Google Scholar

19 This biographical data has been summarized from a handwritten letter from Nurettin Topçu, dated September 5, 1970.Google Scholar

20 Topçu, Nurettin, Türkiye'nin Maarif Dǎvasi. (İstanbul, 1960).Google Scholar

21 Topçu, Nurettin, İslam ve İnsan. (Istanbul, 1969), p. 24.Google Scholar

22 Topçu, Nurettin, Türkiye'nin Maarif Dǎvasi, p. 60ff. Similar views about education are also stated in Ahlǎk Nizami. (Istanbul, 1961), pp. 59ff.Google Scholar

23 Topçu, Nurettin, Yarinki Türkiye. (İstanbul, 1961), p. 9.Google Scholar

24 Topçu, Nurettin, Var Olmak. (İstanbul, 1965), pp. 17ff.Google Scholar

25 Mahmut Makal's recent books protesting the conditions in the villages of eastern Turkey and the educational establishment are, Bu Ne Biçim Ulke? (What Kind of a Country is This?) (İstanbul, 1968), Kokmuş Bir Düzende (Within a Rotten Social Order) (Ankara, 1970), Yer Altinda Bir Anadolu. (An Anatolia Underground) (İstanbul, 1968), and Zulum Makinasi: Oǧretmen Kiyimi. (The Machine of Oppression: Grinding Up Teachers) (İstanbul, 1969.)Google Scholar

26 The reforms which are demanded by the socialist teachers are enunciated in Devrimci Eǧitim Şǔrasi (The Consultation on Revolutionary Education) (Ankara, 1969). Fakir Baykurt was one of the chief speakers at this meeting which was held in opposition to the regular national educational consultations which are sponsored by the Ministry of Education. See p. 15ff.Google Scholar