The ambiguity in this paper’s title is deliberate. Are we talking about astronomers or telescopes in developing countries? And are the countries concerned developing economically or astronomically? In practice I will cover both options in each case.

The list below summarizes six possible routes for the acquisition of astronomical observational data that may be available to astronomers in countries developing economically, astronomically or in both ways. Not all these options will be available in any one case; indeed most of them will probably not be available. However, examples of all of them can readily be found.