Since the 1980s Germany has developed a subtle and complex data protection jurisprudence originally designed to protect individual data subjects from rights abuses by market actors. However, the rights aggressor has increasingly been German and European law enforcement authorities. This evolving corpus of law also exhibits a singularly-German mindfulness of the historical significance of abrogating fundamental rights within constitutional democracy.

“Should bankers be publicly hanged for what they have done?” During a visit to Abu Dhabi in March 2009, the author came upon this sarcastic question while reading the well-known United Arab Emirates' journal “The National.” The aforesaid question was part of an interview with Paul Koster, chief executive of the Dubai Financial Services Authority, concerning the financial crisis. He answered in the negative by saying, “There will be court cases, but public hanging is a bit extreme.” His statement has, in a way, anticipated the result of the paper at hand: There should be criminal proceedings in Germany as well; however, they should not result in draconian criminal consequences.

The enforcement and bankruptcy system in Turkey is principally regulated by the Code of Enforcement and Bankruptcy (CEB), Act Number 2004, which came into force on 4 September 1932. This Code mainly originates from the Swiss Federal Law on Debt Collection and Bankruptcy. During 2003 and 2004, several amendments were made to the CEB by Law Number 4949 and by Law Number 5092.

Modern western societies are aging—according to statistical analyses, in 2060, every seventh German citizen will be over 80 years old. The challenges of an aging society occupy jurisprudence and the legal practice. Issues specific to aging offenders and aging victims are more relevant than ever and must be analyzed. The question of old age is one of many problematic aspects of two criminal cases recently decided by the German Federal Constitutional Court. In the following, age's relevance to criminal prosecution and material criminal law will be discussed and related to an analysis of the proceedings of John Demjanjuk and Heinrich Boere, two alleged Nazi criminals, tried in their old age. Demjanjuk's case especially has raised questions well beyond the relevance of his age (89 years). The cases open up many interesting facets of German criminal procedural law and material law connected to the crimes of the Nazi era.