Current-produced sole markings are not uncommon in the Pleistocene continental till deposits of Alberta, Canada. Groove, striation and prod moulds have all been recognized, characteristically occurring in close association on the undersurface of the till beds. These sedimentary structures provide a rapid means by which local ice-flow directions may be determined.

The study of echinoids and their associated limestones in the Upper Estuarine Series of Blisworth has shown that the echinoid tests have been preserved in two ways. (1) Without spines, jaw apparatus or apical disc. When whole, such tests are usually full of sediment. Echinoids of this type are usually associated with clean well-sorted fragmental limestones. (2) Bearing spines and with apical disc and jaw apparatus in place. When whole, the tests are usually full of clear crystalline calcite. Echinoids of this type are usually associated with poorly sorted, complex, muddy limestones with a high proportion of terrigenous material. The sedimentary environment and the relative rate at which the echinoid material passed through the depositional interface appears to have controlled both the limestone lithology and the condition of the echinoid material.

A radiometric age determination on wood in tin-bearing alluvium from Selangor gives a result of about 36,000 years B.P. This is consistent with the view that the deposits formed during a period of rejuvenation of river systems during the Pleistocene. Meagre palynological evidence indicates the deposit is late Pliocene or younger.

An electron microscope examination of beach and glacial pebbles suggests that these two environments do not impress distinctively different textures on pebble surfaces. A detailed study of surface textures of beach pebbles indicates that size reduction is predominantly an abrasional rather than solutional process. The three textural features noted, flat planar surfaces, pits and arc-shaped fractures, were characterized by an abundance of mechanical breakage blocks slightly modified by solution. All three textural types were experimentally duplicated.

A revised interpretation of the sequence of marine invertebrate faunas from the Svalbard Triassic is given. Correlations are made with the unusually complete sequence now recognized in Canada. The position of the faunas is given in terms of the recently proposed lithostratigraphic scheme. In the Lower Triassic, Griesbachian, Dienerian, Smithian and Spathian faunas are represented; in the Middle, Anisian and Ladinian. In the Upper Triassic only a small part of the Karnian is represented by a marine fauna. No new faunas are recorded but for the first time three ammonoid zones are discriminated within the Anisian.

A description is given of potassium feldspar which was produced during the fibrolitization of biotite.

Calcarea and Hexactinellida are now characteristic of different depth zones, and have shown comparable bathymetric zonation since the Carboniferous period. This paper reviews and discusses relevant evidence from modern and fossil sponge faunas, together with some problems involved in the use of the modern data for the assessment of past depths. The most important independent evidence is provided by calcareous algae and herma-typic Scleractinia.