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Ostracods from freshwater and brackish environments of the Carboniferous of the Midland Valley of Scotland: the early colonization of terrestrial water bodies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2011

C. E. BENNETT ,
D. J. SIVETER ,
S. J. DAVIES ,
M. WILLIAMS ,
I. P. WILKINSON ,
M. BROWNE  and
C. G. MILLER
C. E. BENNETT*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
D. J. SIVETER
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
S. J. DAVIES
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
M. WILLIAMS
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
I. P. WILKINSON
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
M. BROWNE
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK.
C. G. MILLER
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
*
†Author for correspondence: ceb28@le.ac.uk
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Abstract

The Mississippian Strathclyde Group of the Midland Valley of Scotland yields some of the earliest non-marine ostracods. The succession records shallow marine, deltaic, estuarine, lagoonal, lacustrine, fluvial and swamp environments representing a series of staging-posts between fully marine and limnetic settings. Macrofossils and ostracods are assigned to marine, marginal marine, brackish and freshwater environments based on their faunal assemblage patterns. Key brackish to freshwater ostracods are Geisina arcuata, Paraparchites circularis n. sp., Shemonaella ornata n. sp. and Silenites sp. A, associated with the bivalves Anthraconaia, Carbonicola, Cardiopteridium, Curvirimula, Naiadites, the microconchid ‘Spirorbis’, Spinicaudata and fish. Many Platycopina and Paraparchiticopina ostracods are interpreted as euryhaline, which corresponds with their occurrence in marine to coastal plain water bodies, and supports the ‘estuary effect’ hypothesis of non-marine colonization. The success of non-marine colonization by ostracods was dependent on the intrinsic adaptations of ostracod species to lower salinities, such as new reproductive strategies and the timing of extrinsic mechanisms to drive non-marine colonization, such as sea-level change. The genus Carbonita is the oldest and most common freshwater ostracod, and went on to dominate freshwater environments in the Late Palaeozoic.

Keywords

ostracodsMississippianfreshwaterpalaeoenvironmentterrestrialization
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 149 , Issue 3 , May 2012 , pp. 366 - 396
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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